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Why do you take part in sport?

Write on the board your reasons

for participation...

Motivation

NACH

NAF

Probability of success

Incentive value of success

Trait theory vs Social Learning Theory of personality

Type A personality

Type B personality

Interactionist theory of personality

Seeks challenges

Persistent

Standards important

Not afraid of failure

Optimistic

Confident

Values feedback

Enjoys evaluation

Attributes performance internally

Approach behaviour

Avoids challenges

Likes an ‘easy life’

Gives up easily

Dislikes evaluation

Pessimistic

Low confidence

Attributes failure externally

Outcome orientated

Dislikes responsibility

Avoidance behaviour

Task difficulty (Probability of success/failure)

The incentive value of success

WHAT IS SPORT SPECIFIC ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION?

Achievement Motivation Theory

In sport the motivation to succeed is not always present.

The same performer can differ in his/her approach to different sports.

Achievement motivation is sport specific.

In other words whether a performer shows a Nach or Naf approach depends on:

The importance of the event

If he/she shows competitive trait anxiety because worries can lead to a motive to avoid failure

Self efficacy and confidence

Past and future success

Experience

Personality

Motivation

Let's re-check the Spec...!

Aim - To provide a comprehensive overview of achievement motivation and its effect on performance, and on following an active and healthy lifestyle

Candidates should be able to explain:

1. Atkinson & McClelland's theory of achievement motivation, including Need to Achieve (NACH) & Need to Avoid Failure (NAF);

How?

By being able to provide characteristics of NACH & NAF athletes

2. Sport-specific achievement motivation

How?

By looking at the competitiveness of athletes in differrent situations

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION & COMPETITION

A high degree of achievement might lead to the inclination to be competitive.

Competitiveness measures the degree to which we approach competition and success in sport.

The amount of competitiveness shown depends on the situational variables of task importance, experience

and confidence. It is measured in three areas:

Competitiveness

the desire to seek and strive for success in sport.

Win orientation

the desire to win interpersonal competitive sporting events i.e. ego approach to competition.

Goal orientation

the desire to reach personal goals i.e task motivation

Achievement

SAFETY FIRST?

TAKE A RISK?

Why did this happen?

What have we learned previously?

What do you think Achievement Motivation is?

Motivation

Achievement Motivation Theory (1964)

'Achievement motivation is one's desire to do well, to succeed and reach standards in one's own eyes and the eyes of others. It reflects a willingness to persist in behaviour that enables higher standards to be reached despite the possibility of failure' (Hill, 2001)

Need to Achieve (NACH)

Need to Avoid Failure (NAF)

Need to Avoid Failure

Need to Achieve Athletes

Achievement Motivation Research

Characteristics of Atkinson's Achievement Motivation Theory

Murray (1938) first used the term achievement motivation and identified a performers need for achievement as being linked to their personality.

Situational

Personality

Atkinson (1964) regarded achievement motivation as a 'personality trait' but did recognise that situational factors are also important in determining the approach to competitive situations :

Probability of success

Need to achieve (NACH)

Need to avoid failure (NAF)

Incentive value of success

Activity

In pairs, discuss the following :

  • How do you approach achievement situations? (e.g. NACH or NAF or Both)

  • Which approach is most beneficial to performance?

  • What impact would 'avoidance' behaviour have on performance?

Activity # 3

AMT and its implications on Sport Performance

As a group of sport psychologists, produce a poster which summarises the achievement motivation theory. The poster should include:

‘I didn’t care if I failed, I just wanted to give my all against some great players’

‘He has told me to keep getting in those goal scoring positions, but I am worried I will miss so I try to avoid those situations now!’

'I WILL NOT BE PLAYING IN THE CHAMPIONSHIP NEXT SEASON...' and 'Some strange people think that I'll be playing in the Championship next season. Good one! QPR might, I won't! #fact'

Performance?

What is achievement motivation?

NAF athlete characteristics

NACH athlete characteristics

Be prepared to present your poster to a panel of world class coaches and managers

How will you approach this competitive situation?

NAF

NACH

Two choices - 1) You can use two hands

2) You will only use one hand

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