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Transcript

Psychanalytic Theory

& Projective Tests

Group presentation by

Leigh Franklin

Jasmine Kaur

& Lavente Rowzee

Personality is a set of behavioral,

emotional and cognitive tendencies

that people display over time and

across situations that distinguish

individuals from each other.

“The mind is like an

iceberg, it floats with

one-seventh of its

bulk above water.”

-Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud was the father of the psychodynamic approach and psychoanalysis.

Together with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, he came up with theories such as the humanistic theory and psychodynamic theory to explain why we act the way we do. Why do personalities develop differently? Why are people the way they are? These are notable theories that try to explain such questions.

Freud believed in psychological determinism which is the view that all behavior even something mundane as forgetting someones name has a psychological cause.

He suggests that two major drives- sex and aggression- are primary motivating forces of human behavior.

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Freud proposes that there are three personality structures- the id,superego and ego. They are abstract mental entities.

What are projective tests?

The Rorschach Test

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Case Study

There are 2 main types

of Projective Tests:

1. The Rorschach Test

and

2. The Thematic

Apperception Test (TAT)

•In the 1930s, The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by Henry Murray.

•The Thematic Apperception Test is similar to the Rorschach test, but black and white drawings are used with people involve in the test.

•There were many criticisms of the TAT.

•The administrator of the test could not differentiate between how a person really thinks, feels, and behavior versus how they wish to think, feel, and behave is one criticism.

In this example, the case study seems to prove that projective tests CAN be an effective tool to delve into the attitudes and feelings of the test subject. However, as was mentioned earlier, the tests are controversial as it is easy for the test subject to mislead the tester. In the case of Mrs. S, the testing and subsequest treatment resulted in life improvement.

•The Rorschach test developed by Herman Rorschach ( 1884-1922), is responsible for the inkblot test.

•It allowed individuals to use their imaginations to decipher what the drawings could be.

•The projective test were doubted, more specifically the Rorschach test.

•If an individual took the test one day, then took it again on a different day, the results of their personality would be altered.

•(Exner, 1974) developed a comprehensive and systematic scoring method that improved the Rorschach test.

Projective Tests allow the person taking the test to open up their mind to a particular stimulus.

After viewing a stimulus, that person is asking to provide an understanding or what is believed to be seen in the stimulus.

The stimulus can be an inkblot or another image.

The theory of projective test is peoples personalities are exposed by what they project from the stimulus when they study the structure of the stimulus.

In the article “Evaluation of an EMDR treatment outcome using the Rorschach, the TAT, and the IES-R: A case study of a human-caused trauma survivor.”, the subject, Mrs. S, was a woman of Asian descent who had a relationship in college which lasted for 4 and half years. She was in the relationship through college, but as she prepared to go to graduate school friends encouraged her to end the mentally, physically, and financially abusive relationship. It was to the point where she had been brain- washed by her partner. After the breakup she had to take couple of months off to get back on track. During intake, Mrs. S agreed to various forms of treatment, including assessment through the TAT and Rorschach tests. The patient’s interpretation of the images on the test revealed her to be depressed, pessimistic and antisocial, as well as a lack self confidence. Using the knowledge gained from the projective tests, her treatment was tailored to her specific attitudes and the patient eventually showed a positive outlook on life.

Freud's 5 stages of

Psychosexual Development

Oral

Anal

Phallic

Latency

Genital

References

Summary

Kosslyn, S.M. and Rosenberg, R.S. (2011). Psychology: The Pearson Custom Library. Pearson Learning Solutions (Ed). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Publishers.

Inoue, Naomi. "Evaluation of an EMDR treatment outcome using the Rorschach, the TAT, and the IES-R: A case study of a human-caused trauma survivor." Rorschachiana, Vol 30(2), 2009, 180-218. doi: 10.1027/1192-5604.30.2.180. Special Section: Psychotherapy Outcome. http://psycnet.apa.org.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/journals/ror/30/2/180.pdf

http://psychologybasics.wordpress.com/tag/psychosexual/

Psychoanalytic Theory

  • Freud is the father of psychodynamic theory and psychoanalysis
  • He believed in 3 areas of personality- id, ego and super ego
  • He believed in 5 stages of development- oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital

Projective Tests

  • People's personalities are exposed by what they project onto the stimulus when they study the structure of the stimulus (picture or inkblot.)
  • Two main types of projective tests- Rorschach and TAT
  • Rorschach Test involve subject interpreting inkblots.
  • TAT, or Thematic Apperception Test, involves subject interpreting black and white pictures.
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