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Ancient Greek Philosophy: Aristotle and Plato's Views on Politics

Plato: An Anti-Democratic Republic

Guardians (Rulers)

Caves of Allegory

Problems

no progress within the state

people would be distinguished by their intelligence and character not by wealth or family

ruled by appetite

ruled by courage

ruled by reason

family would not exist

no one would know biological parents

children would be raised together

Aristotle: 3 Political systems

all can fail with extreme behavior

“Where some people are very wealthy and other have nothing, will be either extreme democracy or absolute oligarchy, or despotism will come from either one of those excesses.”

Aristocracy

can also succeed if the rulers do not enslave the people

Democracy

“Democracy…arises out of the notion that only those who are equal in any respect are equal in all respects; because men are equally free, they claim to be absolutely equal.”

can function if its citizens are informed about their civic duties

“If liberty and equality…are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be best attained when all persons alike share in the government to the utmost.”

too much democracy could be bad, if the citizens were ignorant and too easily swayed-this could lead to chaos

Monarchy

would succeed if rulers are wise, and did not oppress the people

the best government system would be to combine the best of each and exclude worst

are

full power should not be given to people who are only believed to have the skills to rule

Producers

Soliders

are

"I propose therefore that we enquire into the nature of justice and injustice, first as they appear in the state, and secondly in the individual, proceeding from the greater to the lesser and comparing them" Socrates, Plato's The Republic, pg 59

3 Classes of the State

relates to

has

represents the

" Why, because he distinguishes the face of a friend and of an enemy only by the criterion of knowing and not knowing. And must not an animal be a lover of learning who determines what he likes and dislikes by the test of knowledge and ignorance? / …is not the love of learning the love of wisdom which is philosophy… / then he who is to be a really good and noble guardian of the State will require to unite in himself philosophy and spirit and swiftness and strength? " Socrates, Plato's The Republic pg 70

can be a

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