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Faith is our believe in someone or something
Deontology encourages you to follow your universal law
Can be religion, authority, law, rules, etc.
Your faith in universal law greatly influences your moral reasoning
You put your faith in that universal law, your actions are correct as long as you adhere to the rules
A man with a knife asks you politely where you children are, so he can hack them into pieces. You are morally obliged to tell him the truth, according to deontology.
Utilitarianism will evaluate the consequences before making a decision.
Religion is not universally believed in.
Is it faith or a belief?
You are processing sequence of decisions that you decide yourself what is best
You decide yourself, a rational decision, to follow a belief system.
Are we rational?
Can we rely on faith?
Who/what determines faith?
Jihad- Holy War?
HIV patients stop their treatment after their pentecostal pastors tells them that God will heal those who have absolute faith in him
Qur'an: Jihad is a system to "check one person by means of another"
Americans see it as the 'holy war'
War is waged to protect the religious community
"persecution is worse than slaughter" and "let there be no hostility except to those who practice oppression" (Qur'an 2:190-193).
Deontology= justified
Utilitarianism= depends
Deontology; pastor is an messenger of God therefore communicates his word, moral reasoning is justified as they follow their moral duty of placing their faith in God's plan for them
if they die from HIV, then it was meant to be
“Settle, for sure and universally, what conduct will promote the happiness of a rational being.”
Immanuel Kant
The religious community believes their religious principles are universally believed in
E.g. Hinduism
Utilitarianism evaluates the results
Reflect on the consequences to make a moral decision
Outcome must benefit the majority, to create the greatest happiness
Ways of Knowing: Emotion
Measuring the outcome based on emotion
Strengths
Weaknesses
Widely accepted
Easily applicable
Subjective
Justify morally wrong outcomes
Make the decision for the greater good
Decision can be made by you or someone else
Have faith that you make the right decision based on your own morality/ethics
As long as your decision is for the greater good you have done justice
If the decision is made by others, you trust that they have your best intentions at heart
Deontology vs. Utilitarianism
Ways of Knowing
Assessing Deontology and Utilitarianism
Real Life Situations
Rationalism
What is faith?
Deontologist: place your faith in the universal law and that will influence your moral reasoning
Utilitarianist: place your faith in yourself to make the decision for the benefit of others or place your faith in another to make the right decision for you
Great influence, your decision are based on the set of rules which you live your life by
If I believed in the rule that those with blue eyes had to be hurt I would act on that and hurt everyone with blue eyes. As it is the universal law I follow my morals are correct as I am following the universal law
Influence depends on faith in yourself or authority
You must completely trust yourself that your actions will be for the benefit of others
Faith plays a large role in the sense that you must be able to use reason and emotion to make a decision for others - morals are influenced by your own beliefs
Or you must completely trust others to make the right decision for you
Faith in the higher power is highly influential as you trust them to do what is best for you - your moral reasoning is decided for by others
" Do the right thing. Do it because it is the right thing to do. Don't do wrong things. Avoid them because they are wrong"
BBC, Ethics Guide
What is the right thing to do? What is a good action?
Way of Knowing
Universal Moral Law
Reason; everyone has a duty
Moral reasoning determined by the universal moral law
"Some moral laws have to be obeyed by rational beings, simple because humans are rational beings." -Kant
Society places their complete faith that their actions are morally correct as it corresponds to the moral duty
Strengths
Weakness
Moral obligation is arbitrary
Universality does not exist
Emotion influences reason
Moral duty justifies disastrous results
Moral duty valued over consequences
Everyone is of equal worth
Justice is absolute, despite the benefit of the majority
Does not change over time
Exact guidelines for moral reasoning