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Faith is our believe in someone or something

Deontology encourages you to follow your universal law

Can be religion, authority, law, rules, etc.

Your faith in universal law greatly influences your moral reasoning

You put your faith in that universal law, your actions are correct as long as you adhere to the rules

A man with a knife asks you politely where you children are, so he can hack them into pieces. You are morally obliged to tell him the truth, according to deontology.

Utilitarianism will evaluate the consequences before making a decision.

Religion is not universally believed in.

Is it faith or a belief?

You are processing sequence of decisions that you decide yourself what is best

You decide yourself, a rational decision, to follow a belief system.

Are we rational?

Can we rely on faith?

Who/what determines faith?

Real Life Situations

Utilitarianism

Jihad- Holy War?

HIV patients stop their treatment after their pentecostal pastors tells them that God will heal those who have absolute faith in him

Qur'an: Jihad is a system to "check one person by means of another"

Americans see it as the 'holy war'

War is waged to protect the religious community

"persecution is worse than slaughter" and "let there be no hostility except to those who practice oppression" (Qur'an 2:190-193).

Deontology= justified

Utilitarianism= depends

Deontology; pastor is an messenger of God therefore communicates his word, moral reasoning is justified as they follow their moral duty of placing their faith in God's plan for them

if they die from HIV, then it was meant to be

“Settle, for sure and universally, what conduct will promote the happiness of a rational being.”

Immanuel Kant

The religious community believes their religious principles are universally believed in

E.g. Hinduism

Utilitarianism evaluates the results

Reflect on the consequences to make a moral decision

Outcome must benefit the majority, to create the greatest happiness

Ways of Knowing: Emotion

Measuring the outcome based on emotion

Assessing Utilitarianism

Strengths

Weaknesses

Rationalism

Widely accepted

Easily applicable

Subjective

Justify morally wrong outcomes

Utilitarianism, faith and moral reasoning

Make the decision for the greater good

Decision can be made by you or someone else

Have faith that you make the right decision based on your own morality/ethics

As long as your decision is for the greater good you have done justice

If the decision is made by others, you trust that they have your best intentions at heart

What role does faith play in moral reasoning?

Deontology vs. Utilitarianism

Ways of Knowing

Assessing Deontology and Utilitarianism

Real Life Situations

Rationalism

What is faith?

Deontologist: place your faith in the universal law and that will influence your moral reasoning

Utilitarianist: place your faith in yourself to make the decision for the benefit of others or place your faith in another to make the right decision for you

Deontology

Great influence, your decision are based on the set of rules which you live your life by

If I believed in the rule that those with blue eyes had to be hurt I would act on that and hurt everyone with blue eyes. As it is the universal law I follow my morals are correct as I am following the universal law

Influence depends on faith in yourself or authority

You must completely trust yourself that your actions will be for the benefit of others

Faith plays a large role in the sense that you must be able to use reason and emotion to make a decision for others - morals are influenced by your own beliefs

Or you must completely trust others to make the right decision for you

Faith in the higher power is highly influential as you trust them to do what is best for you - your moral reasoning is decided for by others

" Do the right thing. Do it because it is the right thing to do. Don't do wrong things. Avoid them because they are wrong"

BBC, Ethics Guide

What is the right thing to do? What is a good action?

Way of Knowing

Universal Moral Law

Reason; everyone has a duty

Moral reasoning determined by the universal moral law

"Some moral laws have to be obeyed by rational beings, simple because humans are rational beings." -Kant

Society places their complete faith that their actions are morally correct as it corresponds to the moral duty

Assessing Deontology

Strengths

Weakness

Moral obligation is arbitrary

Universality does not exist

Emotion influences reason

Moral duty justifies disastrous results

Moral duty valued over consequences

Everyone is of equal worth

Justice is absolute, despite the benefit of the majority

Does not change over time

Exact guidelines for moral reasoning

Deontology, faith and moral reasoning

Faith and Reasoning

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