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The Three Estate System
12
Transcript
The First Estate
The Clergy (Church)
What does it mean
- Privileged Estate
- No Taxes
- Gave a voluntary gift to the King
- Could levy the Tithe a 10% tax
- Had their own internal justice system
Who Gets to Join
People from both Estates
- Provided opportunity to women
- Leadership positions that brought great wealth go to nobles
What is it
The Three Estate System
System of legal classification of Responsibilities and privileges
The Third Estate
Everyone who was not in the first two estates
The Second Estate
The Nobility
Bourgeoisie
Nobles
- Held the best positions in society
- Immune to most taxes
- Had the right to collect feudal dues on land
Peasants/Urban Worker
Two Types
- Majority of the population
- Rich Merchants , manufactures, Bankers, Doctors, Lawyers, and Intellects
- Most lived in extreme poverty
- All had wealth but wealth did not equal privilage
- Often sought ennoblement through purchasing offices
- Paid almost all the taxes
- To the King
- To the Church
- Feudal dues
- Dues on wine, salt, and bread
Nobles of the sword
- Old Nobility
- Recived title through military service
Nobles of the robe
- Purchased public office that ennobled the owner
- Often looked down upon by nobles of the sword
Financial Crisis
of 1788-89
Third Estate
Peasants
Nobles
- Bad Harvests
- increased cost of food
- decreased farmer income
- Reduced manufacturing
- reduced wages
- Shielded from crisis by
- Rents
- Dues
- Offices
- Wages increased by 22% while cost of living increased by 62%
- Government abandoned price fixing bread
- Increased dues on bread, wine, and salt
Bourgeise
- Reduced income from manufacturing
- Overseas trade remained strong
Government failure
- Spent more than it made
- Was an absolute monarchy but couldn't implement new taxes because of widespread opossition
- Lavish court spending
- War
- Largest army in Europe
- Supported American Revolution
Louis XVI
- Very weak leader
- Called the assembly of notables to garner support for new taxes
French Revolution
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