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Prime Minister: Pierre Trudeau
Party: Liberal
Trudeau was losing popularity by the 1970's. He won the election in 1974 by opposing price and wage controls but later put them in. This caused inflation.
Inflation: noun
When a country's currency loses value resulting in a rise in prices of consumer goods
Trudeau was having a very hard time controlling the inflation. The biggest reason for this was the dramatic increase in oil prices. They called this the OPEC Crisis.
Discrimination against women was made illegal.
traditionally male careers were taken up by females (eg: lawyers, tradespeople)
the percentage of women working outside the home grew by 13% in the decade.
Things like maternity leave, subsidized daycare, and child tax breaks were implemented.
Women were given equal pay for equal work... most of the time.
Men still held the "top jobs"
1970: Canada recognizes the People's Republic of China with a communist government before America does.
Trudeau reduced forces in Europe under NATO.
Women in government:
Jean Sauve becomes the first woman Speaker of the House. Later, becomes the first female Governor General.
Women were appointed to judge in the Supreme court in the 70's.
Canada increased aid to developing countries.
It supported former french colonies through La Francophonie, increased support of UN organizations, and increased spending through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).
Increased trade with Asian countries, Cuba, and Mexico.
The Citizenship Act (1976)
-no gender discrimination
-mothers and children overseas were given citizenship
-required knowledge of either French or English
"Now do you have anything to kill the pain I've just developed upon seeing the price?"
`When Trudeau asks for voluntary restraints on spending - it's obvious he doesn't have any teenagers in his family.`
The Immigration Act (1978)
-provinces given roles
-Quebec-only people who would conform to francophone culture
-no longer barred b/c of race, religion, or country of origin.
Auto Pact-branch plants were set up in Canada
FIRA: Trudeau made the Foreign Investment Review Agency
in 1973. It was meant to control foreign investment, especially from the States. FIRA made the US rather displeased.
Over 70% of all Canadian products were sold to the US: The US was very influential.
The biggest social change of the 70's belongs to the
Economic ties
Trudeau's response: the National Energy Program
What is it? He froze Alberta's oil prices and tarriffed exported oil.
It prevented Alberta from getting a fair price for their oil.
This made Alberta angry.
the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) realized the demand was bigger than the supply. They raised prices from $6/barrel US to $16/barrel. War between Iraq and Iran dramatacized this with cutting out even more supply. Unemployment rose due to the inflation and unions for teachers, police officers, and health care workers were formed to demand higher wages.
Because of the loosened policies on immigration, many people poured in from a diverse selection of countries. The result: multiculturalism.
Entertainment
Trudeau made a policy of multiculturalism which helped schools set up new courses, promoted multicultural events, and made a council to study problems of different ethnic groups in Canada
American music, TV, and radio bombarded Canada.
Trudeau made Canadian companies to air a certain percentage of Canadian programs. He promoted the film industry, the arts, books, and magazines. Some saw this as banning much needed US investment. Today, these laws still exist, and Canadian film industry is prosperous.