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Schumann's Acculturation Model
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Schumann's Acculturation Model
Wrapping Schumann up...
Psychological Distance
- Language Learners aquire language via acculturation
-Social Distance and Psychological Distance can have large impacts on how easily acculturation is attained, and therefore the target language
1. Motivation- is there a high motivation to learn the language?
2. Attitude- is there a more positive or more negative attitude toward the language?
3. Culture shock- can make learning the language that more difficult!
Factors Influencing Social Distance
AKA
Freeman, David E. and Freeman, Yvonne S. (2011). Between Worlds: Access to Second Langauge Aquistion. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
1. Social Dominance
2. Integration Pattern
3. Enclosure
4. Cohesiveness
5. Size
6. Cultural Congruence
7. Attitude
8. Intended length of residence
Adapting and taking on the culture that is not your own. Many ELLs may do this as they become more involved in the English culture of their area.
Social Distance can make this tricky:
"...the greater the distance between the two culutres, [of the ELL's culture and the English culture] the greater the difficulty the learner will have with the second laguage..."
1. Does one group dominate another? Is there power at play?
2. Is there an integration between the two culures?
3. Is the learner group self-sufficent, do they interact with target culutre daily?
4. Is the learner group tight-knit?
5. How large is the learner group?
6. How different are the learner and target groups?
7. What are the attitudes toward the target group?
8. How long will the learner be staying in the target culture?
Acculturation
Schumann's theory claims acquiring a language comes from the process of Acculturation.
Acculturation: cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture; also : a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact