Variola major/Variola minor

Variola major/Variola minor

-Enveloped, biconcave core with two lateral bodies

-Stable in dried condition

-dies passed 60°C

-can survive at room temp. for over a year

Incubation Period:

• 7-17 days after exposure

Mortality:

• Variola major: 10-30%; variola minor: <1%; may be

higher with engineered bioterrorism strains

What is small pox?

-serious illness caused by a virus called the variola

-Variola major- the deadly disease

-Variola minor- a much milder form

-Variola is a member of the Pox-virus family of viruses (different from chicken-pox “Variella-Zoster” virus family).

-get its name from pus-filled blisters .

Who discovered it?

-mummies from ancient Egypt.

unknown

-thought to have existed for more than 1,200 years ago.

-During the 20th century. it is estimated that they 300 to 500 millios deaths from smallpox

-Edward Jenner- first vaccination using "cow" pox

Middle Ages ~80% contracted smallpox in Europe

American colonists first introduced smallpox to the Native Americans

Treatment

-No known treatment

-Using the smallpox vaccine within three to four days of exposure

-Supportive therapy (intravenous fluids and medicine) .

-Antibiotics can be used if a secondary bacterial infection occurs.

-Research efforts continue to explore antiviral drugs as possible treatment for smallpox.

-The majority of people with smallpox recover, but death may occur in up to 30% of cases.

-Those who do recover are often left with disfiguring scars.

Prevention

Stay away from the infected people and get

vaccinated!

Smallpox vaccine

helps develop an immunity for smallpox

bump,blister

vaccinia virus (use live virus for small pox vaccine)

can provide a high level immunity for approx.3-5 years

Vaccinia virus used to make a smallpox vaccine and closely related to variola

scab falls off, leaves scar

blister dries up, scab forms

Any complications?

95% successful

Mild: localized sores, redness where the vaccine was given, low-grade fever, insomnia, sweating

Serious: widespread/contagious outbreak of rashes and sores, blindness

Interesting Facts

Life-threatening: necrosis, chronic Eczema vaccinatum, postvaccinal encephalitis, death

vaccine gone wrong!

Eczema vaccinatum

need quick money?

I got you.

WHO

Is

smallpox

so...

NAWP.

still

Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980

an

launched a campaign to eradicate smallpox, 1976

issue

smallpox is not an issue.

today

?

Causes

-Scientists have not studied variola virus well because of the hazards associated with potential exposure.

-smallpox is usually passes from person to person, such as coughing, sneezing.

-Vaccinia can infect several types of living beings, while variola infects only humans naturally and cynomolgus monkeys under highly artificial laboratory conditions.

A characteristic rash, most prominent on the face, arms, and legs, follows 2 to 3 days after the first symptoms.

Symptoms

Flu-like symptoms at first:

-The rash starts with flat red sores that a few days later become raised bumps.

-The bumps turn into fluid-filled blisters.

-The blisters become pustules.

-The pustules crust over, usually in the second week of smallpox.

-Scabs form over the blisters and then fall off, usually in the third week of the disease, resulting in scars that are often disfiguring.

-Blindness commonly resulted when blisters formed

near the eyes.

-High fever

-Fatigue

-Malaise

-Headache

-Backache

-Rash

Transmission

Highly contagious!!

aerosol ...

-Transmitted by the respiratory route. Drops of saliva

-No immediate symptoms. Incubation period ranges from 7-17 days.

-Not contagious during incubation time.

-Person is most infectious during “illness portion”: rash and fever first develop.

-Some risk of transmission lasts until all scabs have fallen off.

Contaminated clothing or bed linens also can spread the virus.

CITED

WORK

http://www.history.com/topics/machu-picchu

http://nccivilwar.lostsoulsgenealogy.com/factscw.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17551612

http://historicalhorizons.org/2014/08/22/did-you-know-that-jonathan-edwards-died-from-a-small-pox-inoculation/

http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timelines/smallpox

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/smallpox-causes-treatment

http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/smallpox/pages/default.aspx

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/smallpox.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200695/

http://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/163s.pdf

http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/02/health/smallpox-fast-facts/

http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/our-work/events/2005_atlantic_storm/flash/pdf/issues_0900_a.pdf