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Quasi-War

$1.25

1798-1800

Vol XCIII, No. 312

Where?

France, America, and the Sea

Why?

This battle was fought at sea. Many naval units were captured by the other in the war, mainly France seized public ships, and the ships weren't returned until the Convention of 1800.

The Undeclared War

XYZ Affair

Diplomatically, France started this incident

This entire battle was fought at sea.

This war was capturing ships until a treaty was in order.

For the US, the Quasi-War was the spark of realization for, the President, John Adams to invest in creating a well-developed navy

The French X, Y, and Z spies were demanding bribes from the US.

America withdrew treaties with France, which causes stress on France and America's relationship.

X, Y, and Z were names disclosed by John Adams.

Those names were confidentially known as Jean Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy, and Lucien Hauteval, respectively.

Result

Works Cited:

The Convention of 1800

The Convention of 1800 was a peace treaty that allowed France and the US to go back to the way it was before the war started.

There were 4 important Articles that were respectfully agreed upon by both powers.

"Quasi-War (1798–1800)." Quasi-War Undeclared Naval War with France (1798–1800). N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2014.

http://americanhistorycentral.com/entry.php?rec=462

"The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1800 - 1784–1800 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1800 - 1784–1800 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2014.

http://history.state.gov/milestones/1784-1800/xyz

"Digital History." Digital History. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2014.

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu

The 4 main Articles broken down:

Article I - "There shall be a firm, inviolable, and universal peace, and a true and sincere Friendship between the French Republic, and the United States of America"

Article II - That all prior agreements between the two countries concerning alliance and mutual trade were no longer operative.

Article III - That each was to return public ships captured in the war

Article IV - Property that was seized and taken will be given back with the proofs of ownership

The website, Digital History, contains these 4 articles of the Convention of 1800:

ARTICLE I - There shall be a firm, inviolable, and universal peace, and a true and sincere Friendship between the French Republic, and the United States of America, and between their respective countries territories, cities, towns, and people without exception of persons, or places.

ARTICLE II - The Ministers Plenipotentiary of the two Parties, not being able to agree at present respecting the Treaty of Alliance of 6th February 1778, the Treaty of Amity and Commerce of the same date, and the . . . Convention of 14th November 1788, nor upon the indemnities mutually due, or claimed, the Parties will negotiate further on these subjects at a convenient time, and untill they may have agreed upon these points, the said Treaties, and ...... Convention shall have no operation, and the relations of the two Countries shall be regulated as follows.

ARTICLE III - The Public Ships, which have been taken on one part, and the other, or which may be taken before the exchange of ratifications shall be restored.

ARTICLE IV - Property captured, and not yet definitively condemned, or which may be captured before the exchange of ratifications, (contraband goods destined to an Enemy's port excepted) shall be mutually restored on the following proofs of ownership, viz, The proof on both sides, with respect to Merchant Ships, whether armed, or unarmed, shall be a Passport in the form following... etc

Source: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=1090

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