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Codes and conventions of Narrative
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Todorov Theory
Codes and conventions of Narrative
Todorov’s narrative theory basically states that most story's or plot lines follow the same pattern or path. There are 5 steps in this pattern.
Todorov Steps
- Equilibrium: The first part of the story will display a happy start, where the majority of characters are content and everything is as it should be.
- A Disruption: The second part of the story will feature a problem or something will disrupt the happiness.
- Realisation: This part of the plot is when everyone realises the problem and it is chaos.
- Restore Order: This part of the plot is when the characters attempt to repair the damage and restore the problem.
- Equilibrium Again: This is the final part of the plot where the problem is resolved and normality can resume again
Narrative
Narrative is the art of storytelling, something we all do every day. It is an important part of our lives and something that we value highly. When we watch a film or TV or read we are receiving narratives.
Examples of Todorov theory
Dark Knight
Levi-Strauss Binary oppsites
- Equilibrium: Batman haven’t been seen for 8 years, the crime rating in Gotham city is very low.
- A Disruption: Bane fights Batman, imprison batman and take over the Wayne’s nuclear reactor.
- Realisation: Bane blows up the bridge surrounding Gotham so there is only one exit from Gotham which Bane controls, and he let everyone know the situation.
- Restore Order: Batman escape from the prison and go to Gotham city to try and stop Bane.
- Equilibrium Again: Batman defeats Bane and his comrades and fly away to the bay in order to get the city away from the blast radius.
He argued that all meaning-making, not just narratives, depend on binary oppositions – a conflict between two sides/qualities which are opposites.
Werewolfs VS Vampires
Harry Potter Vs Lord Valdemort
Barthes Theory
Propps Character Theory
The Propps character theory states 8 roles which provides structure to the film.
Barthes suggested that narrative works with different codes which the reader tries to make sense of. The most obvious is the use of enigma codes. These are little puzzles which the audience needs to solve throughout the film. This makes us work but gives us pleasure when we solve them correctly. The film might need the solving a big enigma code but there will be little ones along the way.
Examples of Propps Character
- Hero:Winner
- Villain: Struggle against the Hero
- The Donor: Prepare the Hero
- The Dispatcher: Send the Hero off
- False Hero: Pretend to be good but turn out to be evil.
- Helper: Help the Hero in the quest
- Princess: Person that the hero marries
- Father:
False Hero
Hero
Villain
Princess
The Dispatcher
The Helper