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Memory: The Basics

The Biology of Memory

Memory Encoding:

Cerebellum:

Conversion of information into a form that we can store in our memory.

Forms and stores implicit memory.

Hippocampus:

Encoding Forms:

A structure in the brain's limbic system that turns short-term memories into long-term declarative memory.

Amygdala:

3 Sins of Distortion:

  • Acoustically (sound)
  • Visually (mental picture)
  • Semantically (meaning)

Helps us experience emotions and remembers emotional triggers.

1) Misattribution: confusing the source of information.

2) Suggestibility: susceptibility to false information.

3) Bias: stereotyping that influences current feelings towards something.

Memory:

The system by which we retain information and bring it to mind.

Game Rules

Memory Storage:

The process of retaining information in memory.

Have you ever played Mafia? This game is based on that.

So, the idea is, you're all memories in a brain. I'm going to hand out cards to everyone in the class. There will be two people who will receive the card that indicates they are a "Sin of Forgetting" or a "Sin of Distortion." One person will receive a card that gives them the job of "Mneumonics." The rest of you will be the memories.

Mneumonics:

A device for improving memory.

Stages of Memory:

Tips for Remembering:

I'll direct all of you to "go to sleep," and shut your eyes. Then, I'll ask the "Forgetters" to wake up. They will silently make eye contact and choose which memory they wish to forget. They will then return to sleep, and I'll have the "Rememberer" wake up and silently decide which memory they would like to save (can be themselves). They will return to sleep, and then I'll wake up the brain and announce the memory that was forgotten, and if the "Rememberer" was able to save them. Then, the brain will have the chance to decide on who they think is a "Forgetter." Only one can be chosen per round, and they will have a chance to defend themselves. A vote will be taken, and that person can get voted out of the brain. So on and so forth, until either the memories or the forgetters win the game.

  • Sensory Memory: storage system that holds sensory information in memory for a very short time (3-4 seconds).
  • George Sperling
  • Short-term Memory: storage system that permits you to retain and process sensory information for a max. of 30 seconds.
  • George Miller- "Magic 7"
  • Long-term Memory: storage system that allows you to retain information for periods of time beyond the capacity of STM.
  • Karl Lashley
  • Chunking: the process of breaking down a large amount of information into small chunks.
  • Hierarchies: breaking complex information into chapters, into sections, into categories, etc.
  • Maintenance Rehearsal: the conscious rehearsal of information by repeating it over and over.

Card Meanings:

  • ACE: "Forgetter"
  • KING: "Rememberer"
  • OTHER: Memory

Memory Retrieval:

The process of accessing stored information to make available to consciousness.

Forgetting:

  • Decay Theory: storage decay (transience)
  • Interference: the belief that forgetting is the result of the interference of memories with each other.
  • Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon: when a memory can't be brought to mind.
  • Repression: motivated forgetting.
  • Amnesia: memory loss.
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