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STREAM DEPOSITION
S.W.B.A.T.
1.Explain the two types of stream deposition.
2. Describe how slope and water quantity affect velocity
3.Desribe 3 factors that affect deposition.
4. Utilize the e.s.r.t. to compare and contrast water speed vs size of particle transport
delta:
a fan-shaped mass of rock material deposited at the mouth of a stream; for example, deltas form where streams flow into the ocean at the edge of a continent.
A stream may deposit sediment on land or in water.
alluvial fan:
a fan-shaped mass of rock material deposited by a stream when the slope of the land decreases sharply; for example, alluvial fans form when streams flow from mountains to flat land
When a stream descends a steep slope and reaches a flat plain, the speed of the stream suddenly decreases. As a result, the stream deposits some of its load on the level plain at the base of the slope.
Alluvial fans differ from deltas in that alluvial fans form on land instead of being deposited in water.
The velocity of a stream is controlled by the slope and the amount of water flowing in the stream (discharge).
As the stream gradient increases, so does the velocity of the water flowing in the stream.
Velocity is also increased by an increase in the quantity of water flowing in the stream.
The speed of a stream is a balance between the force of gravity pulling the water downhill and the frictional forces slowing the stream.
Water usually flows the fastest near the center of the stream away from the stream banks and the streambed.
There is even a small amount of friction with the air above the water, so the fastest flow is commonly found at midstream just below the surface.
the slope of a land area plays a large role in determining the ability of water to enter the ground.
The steeper the slope, the faster the water flows.
The rate at which sediments are deposited depends upon the size, shape, and density of the sediment particles and the speed of the transporting medium.
Friction between water and the surfaces of particles slows down settling.
Therefore, flat, angular, and irregularly shaped particles that have more surface area than smooth, rounded particles settle more slowly.
Among particles of the same average size and shape, denser particles settle faster, whereas less dense particles require more time for settling.
Sorting of Sediments
when a stream enters a large body of water, such as an ocean, the stream's velocity is reduced as it mixes with the ocean water.
Particles of sediment begin to settle out.
The largest, roundest, and densest particles are deposited first near the ocean's shoreline, while the smallest, flattest, and least dense particles are carried farthest from shore.
STREAM VELOCITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY