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How are Judges selected in Georgia?

  • Most judges in Georgia are elected

  • Magistrate court judges may be elected or appointed by local

legislatures

  • Juvenile court judges are appointed by superior

court judges

b. Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law.

c. Describe the adult justice system, emphasizing the different jurisdictions, terminology, and

steps in the criminal justice process

Georgia Judicial Branch

Adult v. Juvenile Justice

Criminal Law

Criminal law deals with actions that harm people or society:

  • DUI
  • murder
  • armed robbery

Adult v. Juvenile Justice

Purpose: The emphasis of adult court is on punishment, while the emphasis in juvenile court is on rehabilitation.

Criminal cases are introduced by the government seeking punishment (fine,

imprisonment, or death)

Jurisdiction: Juvenile Courts have jurisdiction (the right to rule) over cases involving children under 17 years old, or children under 18 who do not have a parent or guardian.

Civil Law

Terminology: Juveniles are “taken into custody” and adults are

“arrested”; adults are found “guilty” and juveniles are found “delinquent”.

In criminal cases, the defendant has the right to defend himself or not to testify under the 5th Amendment.

Civil law deals with private disputes:

  • divorce
  • property ownership
  • contracts
  • personal injuries

In a criminal case, the prosecutor must prove the defendant guilty “beyond a

reasonable doubt”

Civil cases are introduced by private parties seeking monetary damages.

In civil cases, the defendant may be forced to testify.

In a civil case, the plaintiff only needs to show guilt of the other party by a "preponderance of the evidence”.

Georgia’s Court System is divided into two levels, appellate courts and trial courts.

Trial Courts are lower courts with the original right, power, or authority to interpret and apply the law.

Superior Courts can hear almost any civil or criminal case and consists of a judge and a jury.

State Courts hold jurisdiction over misdemeanor violations

and civil cases and consists of judge and jury.

d. Describe ways to avoid trouble and settle disputes peacefully.

Georgia’s Court System is divided into two levels, appellate courts and trial courts.

a. Explain the structure of the court system in Georgia including trial and appellate procedures

and how judges are selected.

Juvenile Courts have jurisdiction over delinquent children under

17 years and deprived children under 18; no jury

Probate Courts handle administrative matters such as

wills; may have a jury

e. Evaluate how the judicial branch fulfills its role in interpreting the laws of Georgia and

ensuring justice in our legal system.

What are some ways we can settle an issue without the courts?

Magistrate Courts handle small civil claims, bad checks,

arrest warrants, etc.; no jury

SS8CG4: The student will analyze the role of the judicial branch in Georgia state government.

Final Thoughts

Georgia’s Court System is divided into two levels, appellate courts and trial courts.

In a democratic society, rule of law influences the behavior of citizens, establishes procedures for making policies, and limits the power of government. Rule of law also

teaches that adults should be held to

higher degree of accountability than children.

Appellate Courts handle appeals from lower courts:

Supreme Court of Georgia is the highest court in the state and has seven members, six Justices and a Chief Justice; no jury.

Court of Appeals has twelve judges working in three man

panels to hear appeals; no jury.

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