Urbanization in the Gilded Age

Urbanization in the Gilded Age

Negative Effects: Housing

Works Cited

Political Machines

Labor Unions

Strikes

Newsies

There are 10,000 children living on the streets of New York.... The newsboys constitute an important division of this army of homeless children. You see them everywhere.... They rend the air and deafen you with their shrill cries. They surround you on the sidewalk and almost force you to buy their papers. They are ragged and dirty. Some have no coats, no shoes and no hat.

James McCabe Jr.

Salesman

Farmers

Mine Workers

Mill Workers

Seafood Workers

Immigration became very popular created creating large amounts of wanted space. Tenements were created to hold large families. Dumbbell Tenements were created to hold large amounts of people in one room which created poor living conditions. A family of 4-9 shared one room and a bathroom. These houses were unsanitary and had poor lighting and air quality. Many said the homes were unsanitary for rats to live.

Factory Workers

Negative Effects of: Child Labor

The influx of poor immigrants in the late to mid nineteenth century led to the need for more money for certain families. Children were sent to do odd jobs to make money. Many were sent to work before the age of seven, which left little time for play and sleep, and no time for school.

Positive Effects: Technology Continued

• Gumm, Angie. "waste disposal and management." In Brosnan, Kathleen A. Encyclopedia of American Environmental History. New York: Facts On File, 2010. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAEH0730&SingleRecord=True (accessed June 1, 2014).
• http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_New_York_State/Gilded_Age_New_York_State
• http://webpath.follettsoftware.com/resource/viewurl?encodedUrl=JucFxHz5pEmdksLl2A-K0v9ozaKLDdXmsEb3MQ31jjQ&version=1&appsignature=Destiny&appversion=12.0.3.0+%2812_0_RC3%29
• http://19th20thcenturyurbanization.weebly.com/living-conditions.html
• http://www.docstoc.com/docs/113949660/Urbanization-during-the-gilded-age-(1977-1910)
• http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAEH0637&SingleRecord=True
• http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAHII336&SingleRecord=True
• http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=EPAPP0391&SingleRecord=True
• http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/elevator.htm
• http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAHVI280&SingleRecord=True

Skyscrapers: American cities in the early 1900s were visibly changed by skyscrapers. It was possible to construct a high-rise building due to the development of steel construction methods and the invention of the safety elevator

The development of skyscrapers ultimately allowed builders to use space more effectively by fitting more buildings in smaller amounts of space

Positive Effects: Theater

Positive Effects: Education

• At the beginning of the Gilded Age, theater was influenced by English and Continental influences, but during the age, America developed it’s own playwrites, actors, and tastes.

• Saw the introduction of musical theater

• During the 1890’s, a larger class distinction developed and only the rich could afford it.

• Melodrama became popular, and controversial pieces were preformed in American theaters

• Grew due to natural expansion, immigration and population growth

• Public schools funded by states and towns

• School became an option for more individuals, such as African Americans, Native Americans, and whites.

• An increasing number of women began joining the teaching, nursing, a commercial professions, and women became the leading force in education.

• All states enforced requirements on minimum school attendance, teaching certificates, basic curricula, and graduating tests.

Positive Effects: Libraries

Positive Effects: Technology Continued

Water and Sewage Treatments: In the second half of the 19th century an increase in population also increased urbanization, and industrialization generated more waste

Before the end of the 19th century, cities relied on the poor citizens or peddlers to remove waste

• Based off of public and private funds, the New York Public Library became the largest public library.

• By 1900, several public libraries were under construction in areas such as Cleveland, Detroit and St. Louis.

• Demonstrated wealth, culture’s values and democracy in American society.

• Resulted in increased lower class knowledge and education.

Negative Effects: Housing Continued

Cities became fascinated by the concept of using a municipal solid waste (MSW). MSW is, "waste produced by households and businesses that is collected and disposed of in some organized way"

Negative Effects: Health Continued

The Fair Housing Laws were passed to help discriminated families purchase a home. African America and Jewish families were denied to purchase apartments or tenements. The laws passed allowed them the to live in the homes the desired.

Max Weber

Positive Effects: Technology

• credited as the founder of sociology
• studied the Puritan Faith
• Power is exercised in all societies
• Rise in Capitalism was possible from the defining ideas of Protestantism, including Puritanism, provided the most fitting work ethic regarding capitalism

Negative Effects: Health

The Second Industrial Revolution brought changes to the American landscape in the last few decades of the 19th century, also leading to important advances in technology

Positive Effects: Technology Continued

With the large population diseases were easily passed. In the slums if an individual became sick a large amount of the population of the slum becomes sick as well. Diseases came from the poor sanitation, pollution, poor drinking water, and poor sewage systems. The low education on the disease played a large part in the spreading. Also, with the high poverty in the

slums, health care was limited because of its high expenses. One of the fast moving epidemics was cholera, which is an infection in the small intestine, because of the unsanctioned water.

The Elevator: In 1852 Elisha Graves Otis, invented the first safety brake for elevators. His invention enabled buildings to grow vertically instead of horizontally, giving new shape to the urban skyline

Street Lighting: Gas lit New York homes beginning in 1825, but soon after electricity came to cities, gas powered lights and city-employed lamplighters were superfluous and industries such as oil lamp and candle manufacturing were unneeded

Electric light was a cheaper and and safer alternative to the gas lighting that was used before this time

The street lights became important to public safety and ensured that citizens were able to see their surroundings when walking at nighttime

Social Darwinism

• Used biological theories of Darwin’s theory of evolution and applied them to society
• Diff. in ethnicity and race to determine social rank
• Justified racism and all the evil doings
• “survival of the fittest”
• Popular because people believed it was scientific
• Short lived

Puritan Work Ethic

• Wanted their community to reflect their religious beliefs that emphasize hard work
• Hard work is a component of someone’s calling and success
• Self discipline- creates a purpose in life
• All working from their religious foundation
• Fulfilling their duty to god

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