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Hardness of Water in Britain.
Hard water contains mineral ions, that are needed for daily life. The ions most commonly known to be in hard water are Magnesium and Calcium.
Water is a good solvent. As rain falls from clouds, some carbon dioxide can dissolve in the rainwater to form carbonic acid. As the carbonic acid moves through rocks and soils that contain calcium and magnesium minerals, it dissolves these minerals and the water becomes hard.
This is shown in an equation:
Hard water doesn't not produce a lather as quick or easy as soft water. This means you need more soap to produce the same amount.
Carbonic acid + calcium carbonate → calcium hydrogencarbonate
H2CO3(aq) + CaCO3(s) → Ca(HCO3)2(aq)