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Behaviorism: Three Kinds of Learning
2
-Pavlov's Dog
-conditioning is more than a simple pairing of stimuli; it involves teaching the animal that one stimulus (the bell) is a warning or signal of the other (the food)
-Events becomes associated because of the meaning of one event has changed the meaning of another
-ex: bell now means "food is coming"
-Negative Direction
-if food associated with unpleasant circumstances & memory
-if convinced something is immoral
-ex: meat "flesh" or cigarettes
"cancer sticks"
Classical Conditioning (Cont.)
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
-Experimentation leads to things that work and are
repeated and things that don’t are dropped
-Skinner box
-bar & chute for delivering food
-behavior becomes more likely when it is followed by a good result::reinforcement
ex: pigeon receiving food pellets
-people are not always aware of the cause of their behavior
-aversive consequence that follows an act in order to stop it and prevent repetition::punishment
Habituation (cont.)
Habituation
- simplest form of behavior change as a result of experience
- experimental research has shown that a response nearly as strong as the original can be maintained, if the stimulus changes or increases with every repetition
- 300 studies, found that repeated exposure to violent video games can make individual's personality more aggressive and less empathic
Reinforcement
Punishment
Citation
Funder, David Charles. The Personality Puzzle. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. Print.
3 Kinds of Learning
- Habituation
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
What is Behaviorism?
-the best way to understand a person is from observing them from the outside
-your personality is a sum of everything you do
-the causes of behavior can be directly observed because they aren't hidden in the mind but can be seen in the environment