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3) Outputs: products, services, profits, losses, employee satisfaction or discontent, and the like that are produced by the organization
4) Feedback: information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs that affects the inputs
1) Inputs: the people, money, information, equipment, and materials required to produce an organization's goods or services
2) Transformation processes: the organization's capabilities in management, internal processes, and technology that are applied to converting inputs into outputs
-history of failure within closed systems
-open systems result in ongoing learning process
-correct old mistakes and prevent new ones
System: a set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose
The systems viewpoint regards an organization as being made up of these interrelated parts and can therefore be looked at as both...
1) ...a collection of subsystems (parts making up the whole system)
2)...a part of the larger environment
An open system continually interacts with its environment.
A closed system has little interaction with its environment.
Complexity Theory: the study of how order and pattern arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems