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fMRI

Abstract

  • Use of an MRI scanner to view neural activity indirectly through changes in blood chemistry (such as the level of oxygen) and investigate increases in activity within brain areas that are associated with various forms of stimuli and mental task

Subject: Four year old girl with Autism

Utterances: Numbers, hello, her own first name

Procedure: The girl listened to the utterances play through headphones while the fMRI was taking place

Brain Activation Regions:

fMRI analysis:

What do Voxels tell us ?

Regions Activated in All Utterances:

  • Right medial or Middle Frontal Gyrus

Voxel:

- Brain activation depended on the utterance

Measures of Brain Activation:

The volumes of activation in brain regions were calculated for the areas that met the minimum of four contiguous active voxels.

Stimuli and Task for MRI

Volumes of Brain Activation:

1) Number Utterance (8,091mm3)

2)"Hello" Utterance (4,918 mm3)

3) Her Name (1,845 mm3)

A voxel is a in-computer based modeling or graphic stimulation.

- Each an array of elements of volume that constitute a notional three-dimensional space.

fMRI Recording:

MRI Procedures:

2 Levels:

1) Statistical parametric maps were created

2) Regional analysis was conducted on the hemodynamic response

- Three intervals of 150 seconds were divided into 5, 30 second epochs

- 20 words every epoch

- One word every 1.5 seconds

- Each utterance was played forty times, each run

Hypothesis:

- Scanning was performed with a 1.5 T General Electric Scanner

- The scans began with a standard spin echo covering the brain in nine axial slices parallel to the line from the anterior to posterior

Adult Results to Hearing Their Name Being Called:

- Clinical MRI under sedation

- fMRI sequence was added in the middle

- During the imaging procedure, pulse, temperature, and blood pressure were monitored

- The regions of brain activation would be different for the social stimuli than for the non-social stimuli

- Hearing their name activated both the anterior regions of middle frontal cortex and superior frontal cortex, as well as posterior regions of middle and superior temporal cortex, and cuneus

Failure to Respond Suggests:

Impaired or Absent Social Communication Skills with Autistic Children:

fMRI Analysis:

Findings Indications:

- Some children with Autism may lack a sense of personal identity

- Affecting the ability to develop a theory of mind, because of difficulties in the cognitive representation of 'me'

- Clinical studies have reported that many children with Autism fail to respond when their own name is called, although their hearing abilities appear intact

- An fMRI can identify and quantify the brain regions that are activated in response to words in children with autism

Autism?

- The amount of total brain activation varied with the content of the utterance

- The greatest volume of overall brain activation was in response to numbers, then "hello"

Brain Activation to Social Words in a Sedated Child with Autism

Christine Wood

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