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Subject: Four year old girl with Autism
Utterances: Numbers, hello, her own first name
Procedure: The girl listened to the utterances play through headphones while the fMRI was taking place
Regions Activated in All Utterances:
- Brain activation depended on the utterance
The volumes of activation in brain regions were calculated for the areas that met the minimum of four contiguous active voxels.
Volumes of Brain Activation:
1) Number Utterance (8,091mm3)
2)"Hello" Utterance (4,918 mm3)
3) Her Name (1,845 mm3)
A voxel is a in-computer based modeling or graphic stimulation.
- Each an array of elements of volume that constitute a notional three-dimensional space.
2 Levels:
1) Statistical parametric maps were created
2) Regional analysis was conducted on the hemodynamic response
- Three intervals of 150 seconds were divided into 5, 30 second epochs
- 20 words every epoch
- One word every 1.5 seconds
- Each utterance was played forty times, each run
- Scanning was performed with a 1.5 T General Electric Scanner
- The scans began with a standard spin echo covering the brain in nine axial slices parallel to the line from the anterior to posterior
- Clinical MRI under sedation
- fMRI sequence was added in the middle
- During the imaging procedure, pulse, temperature, and blood pressure were monitored
- The regions of brain activation would be different for the social stimuli than for the non-social stimuli
- Hearing their name activated both the anterior regions of middle frontal cortex and superior frontal cortex, as well as posterior regions of middle and superior temporal cortex, and cuneus
- Some children with Autism may lack a sense of personal identity
- Affecting the ability to develop a theory of mind, because of difficulties in the cognitive representation of 'me'
- Clinical studies have reported that many children with Autism fail to respond when their own name is called, although their hearing abilities appear intact
- An fMRI can identify and quantify the brain regions that are activated in response to words in children with autism
- The amount of total brain activation varied with the content of the utterance
- The greatest volume of overall brain activation was in response to numbers, then "hello"