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Shark vs. Dolphin Evolution

Sharks came from early fish and merely developed and speciated, whereas dolphins changed drastically between species and even habitats, until re-entering the water and evolving into their modern form

Similarities and Differences

Dolphins V. Sharks - Analogous and Homologous Structures

Dolphins

Both

Sharks

Analogous Structures

  • Typically grey, white, or black
  • Have large dorsal fins
  • Backbone
  • Vary in size, though typically large
  • Possess complicated brains
  • Carnivorous
  • Live almost entirely in saltwater

  • Typically solitary
  • Have two dorsal fins
  • Are cartilaginous fish, need oxygen from water, through gills
  • Cold-blooded
  • Have tails with vertical fins, move them sideways to move forwards
  • Have a top speed in the 30s of mph
  • Have a lateral line system to detect motion and vibrations

  • Hunt and act in groups
  • Have only one dorsal fin
  • Are mammals, require air through lungs and have bones
  • Are warm blooded
  • Have tails with horizontal fins, move them up and down to go forwards
  • Have a top speed in the 20s of mph
  • Use echolocation and enlarged brain to detect movement from far away or under sand

Analogous Structures are similar pieces of anatomy in different organisms which signify commonality in function; Exist in Sharks and Dolphins in:

An Exploration into the Differences and Similarities of Two Aquatic Powerhouses

by Henry Lord

Homologous Structures

  • Fins - dorsal, pectoral, etc
  • "torpedo" shape
  • grey coloration
  • predatory behavior

Dolphins and Sharks relatively close, both marine vertebrates, have similar structures

Shark Evolution

Dolphin Evolution

Sharks are members of the class Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous fish - sharks, skates and rays

  • they evolved from ancestral fishes, their earliest branching off from dolphin evolution
  • more advanced and new than previous invertebrates, but some of the oldest organisms of vertebrates

Dolphins are members of class mammalia, intelligent and hairy organisms - whales, humans, dogs

  • They evolved from early tetrapods, reptiles, then mammals, belonging to land
  • These tetrapods slowly began to live closer to and utilize oceans more often, evolving to live in the oceans, eventually becoming dolphins

Homologous structures represent commonality in evolution; exist in Dolphins and sharks as:

  • General skeleton
  • Nervous system, eyes, brain, mouth, sharp teeth, jaws, cells

Vary significantly from analogous structures

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