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N2(g)+3H2(g)<--->2NH3(g)
Carl Bosch was assigned the task of designing a way to amplify the production of ammonia. He designed a high pressure steel reactor to mass produce the ammonia.
The catalyst used in the Haber-Bosch process is iron based. Today, the most used product is Ruthenium, it allows for milder operating pressures.
Ammonia is naturally occurring in nature from the decay process, in the atmosphere and in different volcanic districts.
Fritz Haber, a german chemist, discovered how to synthetically create ammonia from combining nitrogen and hydrogen in 1909. His initial way of producing was by using the "tabletop machine" which produced about 4 fluid oz. of ammonia per hour.
Caused a population boom. Went from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 6 billion in 2000. Also, only the Germ Theory of Disease and Pasteur and Koch has rivaled the Haber-Bosch process.
Fritz Haber developed the Zyklon B. poison gas used in WWII's Holocaust.
The Haber Process combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen derived mainly from natural gas (methane) into ammonia. The reaction is reversible and the production of ammonia is exothermic.
In the absence of a catalyst the reaction is so slow that virtually no reaction happens in any sensible time. The catalyst ensures that the reaction is fast enough for a dynamic equilibrium to be set up within the very short time that the gases are actually in the reactor.