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Theory: Intense radiation can not be infinite
Reasoning: True intensity, all objects cannot emit infinite radiation
Result: Ultraviolet Catastrophe
Plancks Solution: Energy in a blackbody comes in discrete parcels
Einstein's quantum theory states that light energy can only be absorbed or emitted in discrete parcels
A certain AM radio station has frequency near 1.0 MHz, and a certain Fm station has frequency near 110MHz . Radio waves produce photons
Compare the momentum of the photons from the AM station with the momentum of the photons from the FM station.
Facts Michael won
P(photon) = hf / c
Photon reflection
Electron absorption
Less energy and lower frequency of photon
Absorption of photon
Pair creation
We can use the equation E(photon) = hf to calculate the energy carried by a single photon
Einstein proposed that photons carry parcels of kinetic energy
where f is Planck’s constant
E = hf
The threshold frequency in the photoelectric effect corresponds to photons whose energy is equal to work
hf = W
Ek = hf - W
Wien's Law is used to determine the wavelength at the maximum radiation intensity of a blackbody
Einstein proposed that light is a collection of particles known as photons
- Electrons can be extracted from metal by shining light onto it
- These electrons are ejected at a frequency known as threshold frequency
- This disproved wave theory
FUN FACT
Einstein won the Nobel prize for Physics in 1921for his contributions regarding photoelectric effect
Aluminum is being used in a photoelectric effect experiment. The work function of aluminum is 6.73 x 10^-19 J
Calculate the minimum photon energy and frequency needed to emit electrons
V = f X wavelength
f = c / wavelength
f = E(photon) / h
Because they do not have any mass and they exhibit interference effects
~ To understand Blackbody Radiation and the photoelectric effect , we assume light to be made of particles
~ However due to properties such as interference, light is also considered a wave
~ By the 1800’s, physicists believed that light acts as an electromagnetic wave
~ However this was only according to CLASSICAL physics
~ As more studies were conducted, more discoveries were made suggesting that light is made of BOTH particles and waves
- Metal contains electrons that are free to move around within metal but are still bound as a whole to the metal
- This is because of their attraction to the +ive charges of the metal at the metal atom nuclei
Today we will be learning about light, the behaviour of it as well as the properties of it.
- Work's value is in electron-volts (eV)
- To convert electrons-volts to joules this is the conversion factor :
1eV = 1.60 X 10^-19 J
W = e V
e is the elementary charge
V is the electric potential difference
- The minimum energy required to remove a single electron from a piece of metal is called the Work Function
By: Abdul-Rahman Shahzad & Moiz Ahmed