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Poetic Movement

Victorian: religious skepticism, artist=genius, science, whimsical, bridge to Modernism

Sprung Rhythm

  • Spondee replaces iamb
  • Mimic folk songs and common speech-variations and dynamics
  • Lead to free verse

Society

  • Science is advancing
  • Industrialism
  • Urbanization

Note: Hopkins studied theology at St. Beuno's College in Wales-deeply religious

Dates and Locations

  • God's Grandeur: 1877 Wales—published in 1918
  • Pied Beauty: 1877 Wales—published in 1918
  • Spring and Fall: 1880 England—published in 1918

Gerard Manley Hopkins

By Julia Webster

Works Cited

Analysis of God's Grandeur

Line by Line

God is all around, visible only sometimes in flashes,

like glinting light from crumpled foil

*

The world is charged wíth the grándeur of God.=

It will flame out, like shining from shook foil;

It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil=olives crushed into oil=olives useless until oil is made

Crushed. Why do men then now not reck his rod?=Why don't men appreciate God?

Génerátions have trod, have trod, have trod;

And all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared, with toil;=Industrialization,oil

And wears man's smudge and shares man's smell: the soil

Is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod.=man can not feel/appreciate nature when they wear shoes

Ánd, for all this , náture is never spent;=Despite this, nature is still beautiful and plentiful

There lives the dearest freshness deep down things;=Nature is the answer; a breath of fresh air

And though the last lights off the black West went=Industrialization

Oh, morning, at the brown brink eastward, springs—

Because the Holy Ghost óver the bent=Combines science with religion

World broods with warm breast and with ah! bright wings.=Hope for the world

*

Dungey, Allison M. “‘Pied Beauty’: God the Creator.”

Victorian Web, www.victorianweb.org/authors/

hopkins/dungey.html.

*

  • Italian sonnet: octave and sestet
  • Volta=shift

“Gerard Manley Hopkins.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation,

www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/gerard-manley-hopkins.

God's Grandeur

  • Links science and religion together
  • "shook foil" and lightning rods
  • God and Holy Ghost

Page 95

Keegan, Alexandra. “A Loss of Childhood, a Looming Discovery

of Death in Hopkins' Poem ‘Spring and Fall.’” Victorian Web,

www.victorianweb.org/authors/hopkins/keegan.html.

“Sonnet.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation,

www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms/sonnet.

“Sprung Rhythm.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation,

www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms/sprung-rhythm.

“Victorian.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation,

www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms/victorian.

Analysis of Pied Beauty

The world is charged wíth the grándeur of God.

It will flame out, like shining from shook foil;

It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil

Crushed. Why do men then now not reck his rod?

Génerátions have trod, have trod, have trod;

And all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared, with toil;

And wears man's smudge and shares man's smell: the soil

Is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod.

Ánd, for all this , náture is never spent;

There lives the dearest freshness deep down things;

And though the last lights off the black West went

Oh, morning, at the brown brink eastward, springs—

Because the Holy Ghost óver the bent

World broods with warm breast and with ah! bright wings.

“Victorian Literature.” Victorian Literature - New World

Encyclopedia, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/

Victorian_Literature.

  • Curtal sonnet
  • Coined by Hopkins: condensed Petrarchan sonnet—sestet+quatrain+half-line

Line by Line

(green outside, red inside), and colorful bird wings

Yes, even for human-made things-land plotted out for houses, fields of different colors

Glóry be to God for dappled things—=Praise God for multi-colored things-a list

For skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow;=For skies colored like spotted cows

For rose-moles all in stipple upon trout that swim;=For the spots on fish

Fresh-firecoal chestnut—fálls; fínches' wings;=For chestnuts that fall from trees

Lándscape plotted and pieced-fold, fallow, and plough;=

And áll trádes, their gear and tackle and trim.

All things counter, original, spáre, stránge;=Begins discussion and analysis of everything listed above

Whatever is fickle, freckled (who knows how?)=Praise God for strange, multi-colored, imperfect things

With swift, slow; sweet, sour; adazzle, dim;=All different kinds of things are great

He fathers-forth whose beauty is pást chánge:=God is responsible for such things

Práise him.

Pied Beauty

Analysis of Spring and Fall

Line by Line

Márgarét, áre you gríeving=Margaret is symbol of every child who grieves the changing of the seasons

Over Goldengrove unleaving?=Do you grieve the leaves falling?

Leáves, líke the things of mán, you

With your fresh thoughts care for, can you?

Áh! ás the héart grows ólder=As you mature

It will come to such sights colder=You will see things worse than this

By and by, nor spare a sigh=Beginning of triplet and shift

Though worlds of wanwood leafmeal lie;=Dead leaves spread out randomly on the ground

And yet you weep and know why.=You will be sad=destiny to mourn

Now no matter, child, the name:

Sórrow's spríngs áre the sáme.

Nor mouth had, no nor mind, expressed=Margaret can't express what she feels

What héart héard of, ghóst guéssed:

It ís the blíght man was bórn for,=Destined to mourn-"inherent sorrow in the human condition of mortality"

It is Margaret you mourn for.=It is the loss of innocence you mourn

will

  • One stanza-written in sprung rhythm
  • emphasis on accented syllables
  • Rhyming couplets and a triplet

Glóry be to God for dappled things—

For skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow;

For rose-moles all in stipple upon trout that swim;

Fresh-firecoal chestnut—fálls; fínches' wings;

Lándscape plotted and pieced-fold, fallow, and plough;

And áll trádes, their gear and tackle and trim.

All things counter, original, spáre, stránge;

Whatever is fickle, freckled (who knows how?)

With swift, slow; sweet, sour; adazzle, dim;

He fathers-forth whose beauty is pást chánge:

Práise him.

Spring and Fall

to a young child

Márgarét, áre you gríeving

Over Goldengrove unleaving?

Leáves, líke the things of mán, you

With your fresh thoughts care for, can you?

Áh! ás the héart grows ólder

It will come to such sights colder

By and by, nor spare a sigh

Though worlds of wanwood leafmeal lie;

And yet you weep and know why.

Now no matter, child, the name:

Sórrow's spríngs áre the sáme.

Nor mouth had, no nor mind, expressed

What héart héard of, ghóst guéssed:

It ís the blíght man was bórn for,

It is Margaret you mourn for.

will

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