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Sources

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html

https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Geography_of_Ecuador.html

http://www.ecuador.com/geography/

http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/ecuadorians-filipinos-queens-census-blog-entry-1.1687478

http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/06/19/hispanics-of-ecuadorian-origin-in-the-united-states-2011/

Graphs

Ecuadorians in New York

Two-thirds of the 645,000 Ecuadorians counted in the census live in the Northeast and four-in-ten live in New York.

In the last decade, the number of Ecuadorians living in Queens jumped more than 19%.

Most Ecuadorians flock to Jackson Heights and Corona, as you can see by the countless Ecuadorian businesses that line the streets

Political Instability

Other places with a high population of Ecuadorians are New Jersey, Florida and California.

Ecuadorian Independence day parade is on May 18 and the Ecuadorian parade is on August 4th.

Ecuador has been through a long line of political instability that has sparked several coups.

In the past 17 years, there have been 8 elected presidents out of which only one completed a full 4 year term.

- Abdala Bucaram was elected in 1996 but was declared mentally unfit to rule and removed by Congress after less than six months into his term.

- Jamil Mahuad was elected for the 1998 to 2003 term but was forced to step down after a military revolt.

- Lucio Gutierex was elected for the 2003 - 2007 term but was removed after massive demonstrations and a congressional vote to remove him for abandoning his constitutional duties in 2005

- Rafael Correa is the current president of Ecuador and has served two terms in office. and has been re-elected for his third term.

Economic Crisis and Migration

The first wave of Ecuadorian immigrants came during the 1960s. During that time, many of the people weaved Panama hats to export to New York. When the Panama hat trade declined in the 1950s and 1960s pioneer migrants used this trade connection to migrate to New York

Low oil prices and floods that damaged export crops, combined with political instability and financial mismanagement, caused another economic crisis in the late 1990s. This time the national currency, the sucre, was replaced with US dollars after having lost more than two-thirds of its value. The unemployment rate which rose to 15 percent and the poverty rate to 56 percent pushed over half a million Ecuadorians overseas from 1998 to 2004.

History and Geography

In the 1970s, Ecuador became a significant oil producer. The economy was very reliant on the oil production, but when the oil prices collapsed in the early 1980s, the economy once again had collapsed. This time, many of the migrants paid coyotes or a document forger for clandestine passages to the U.S., mainly New York but many also went to Spain.

Ecuador, which is about the size of Nevada in the northwest part of South America facing the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Columbia to the north and Peru to the southeast.

1925 - 1967

1400s A.D. - 1534

2000 - 2006

1925 - 1948

The country has many political, social, and economic problems. There are 22 presidents; not one serves a complete term.

2000

1450s

Incas from Peru conquer what is now known as Ecuador.

In an effort to aid the economy, the U.S. dollar is adopted as Ecuador's official currency.

1941

Peru takes control of Ecuador's Amazon region, and the two countries go to war. The disagreement continues through much of the 20th century.

2003

Lucio Gutierrez becomes Ecuador's president and continues efforts to reform the country's political structure.

1526 - 1534

The Spanish led by Francisco Pizarro land on the northern Ecuadorian coast and overthrow the Incan empire. The area comes under Spanish control. Ecuador becomes part of the Spanish Vice - Royalty of Peru.

1963

President Carlos Arosemena Monroy deposed by military junta, which implements social and economic reforms

2006

Rafael Correa wins the presidential election. He is reelected in 2009.

1966

2008

New government takes over after military junta was forced to step down following violent demonstrations and harsh retaliation

A change to the constitution increases the President’s powers.

1967

New constitution is enacted

2010

A new law gives the state ownership of the country’s oil industry.

1400s

1822 - 1835

1968 - 1979

1968

1822

Ecuador achieves independence from Spain and joins Venezuela, Panama and Colombia as part of the Gran Colombia republic.

Former President Jose Maria Velasco elected president for the fifth time and, two years later, suspends the constitution and began to govern as dictator.

1970

Ecuador leaves Gran Colombia and becomes fully independent

1830

Ecuador becomes a major oil producer and it becomes the base of its economy

1835

1972-1979

Charles Darwin visits the Galapagos Islands, where he studies animals and plants and develops his theories of evolution.

General Guillermo Rodriguez Lara becomes president after overthrowing Velasco. There is a new constitution and democracy returns.

Because of being on the equator, Ecuador has a wide range of climates. It ranges from the hot coastal regions to the cold, snow-capped peaks of the Andes.

There are three types of terrain in Ecuador which are the Sierra, the Coast, and the Oriente.

The Coast

The Sierra

The Oriente

The Oriente is the jungle area of Ecuador and occupies the lowlands of the Amazon basin.

There are 7 cities that offer gateways into the Oriente. The largest being Macas.

The sierra are the central highlands of Ecuador. This central belt of land includes the Andes Mountains with volcanoes and snow snow covered mountain peaks year round.

The coast extends from the western part of the Andes to the Pacific Ocean. The climate is very hot and humid.

From December to May, it is the wet season, meaning that there is a lot of rain and humidity. During the 'dry' season, the weather is less humid and a bit cooler.

The volcano Chimborazo is Ecuador's highest point at 6,267 meters and its peak is the furthest point from the Earth's center

The area, which is about 50,000 sq. miles consists of little-explored tropical forest inhabited by only a tiny fraction of the country’s population which live mostly in small villages along the river courses.

The Coast is divided into 4 distinct provinces: Esmeraldas, Manabi, Guayas and El Oro.

The Capital is also located in the Sierra. Quito

Ecuadorian Immigrants

By Cindy Flores

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