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Overall reaction: NaCl(aq)+2H O(l) --> NaOH(aq)+ Cl +H (g)
2
Reaction at the Anode: 2Cl-(aq)--> Cl (g)+2e-
Reaction at the Cathode: 2H+(aq)+2e--->H (g)
2
The extraction of the three elements from Sodium hydroxide occurs via electrolysis. It occurs in two cells known as "diaphragm cells". These contain a titanium anode, and a nickel cathode. In the left diaphragm cell, Hydroxide is retained, and Chlorine is formed, on the right side of the diaphragm cell, Sodium is retained, and Hydrogen is formed.
The chloro-Alkali industry consists of a process which achieves the accquiration of Chlorine, Sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen. It involves the electrolysis of concentrated salt solution (NaCl: Sodium Chloride)
The anode is positive, and the Cl- and OH- (Chlorine and hydroxide) are attracted to it. However, only the Cl- only reacts, and the OH- is left in the solution. This is because it is easier for Chloride to give an electron than hydroxide.
The cathode is negative, and the Na+ and H+ irons are attracted, but only the H+ ions react, leaving Na+ in the solution. This is because it's easier for hydrogen to gain an electron than Sodium.