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The Chlor-Alkali Industry

Made by: Asher Khan, Muhammad Eisa Khan, Nora Al Fozan, Mishaal Khan, and Ning Morris.

Formulae

Overall reaction: NaCl(aq)+2H O(l) --> NaOH(aq)+ Cl +H (g)

2

The process

Reaction at the Anode: 2Cl-(aq)--> Cl (g)+2e-

Reaction at the Cathode: 2H+(aq)+2e--->H (g)

2

The extraction of the three elements from Sodium hydroxide occurs via electrolysis. It occurs in two cells known as "diaphragm cells". These contain a titanium anode, and a nickel cathode. In the left diaphragm cell, Hydroxide is retained, and Chlorine is formed, on the right side of the diaphragm cell, Sodium is retained, and Hydrogen is formed.

What is it?

Uses of Products attained

The chloro-Alkali industry consists of a process which achieves the accquiration of Chlorine, Sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen. It involves the electrolysis of concentrated salt solution (NaCl: Sodium Chloride)

Sodium hydroxide:

  • Soap
  • Detergents
  • Purification of Bauxite (Aluminium's ore)
  • Paper production
  • Bleach

The Chemistry

Chlorine:

  • HCl
  • Swimming pools
  • Sterilysing drinking water
  • Bleach

Hydrogen:

  • Margarine
  • HCl
  • Ammonia production

The anode is positive, and the Cl- and OH- (Chlorine and hydroxide) are attracted to it. However, only the Cl- only reacts, and the OH- is left in the solution. This is because it is easier for Chloride to give an electron than hydroxide.

The cathode is negative, and the Na+ and H+ irons are attracted, but only the H+ ions react, leaving Na+ in the solution. This is because it's easier for hydrogen to gain an electron than Sodium.



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