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The Sociological Effects of Skin Bleaching

History

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How does the media perpetuate "white is beautiful" stereotypes?

Definition

  • In ancient China and Japan the saying, “one white covers up three ugliness” was passed through the generations.
  • In India, those higher up in the social hierarchy generally tend to have paler skins because the rich and educated could afford to stay indoors, while the poor and uneducated were forced to work outdoors.
  • In Korea, flawless skin like white jade and the absence of freckles and scars have been preferred since the first dynasty.
  • Skin bleaching occurred in medieval Europe, and the European Colonies in Africa and the Caribbean; it was practiced in the United States in the early 1900s.
  • The use of chemical substances in an attempt to lighten skin tone
  • Some chemicals have been effective in skin whitening
  • Many have proved to be toxic, adding to the controversy surrounding their use

Brief History of

Skin Bleaching in Jamica

TV Advertisements

from around the world

What is being done to help?

Interview with Zinab from Nigeria

http://www.nuulkukk.com/index.php/en/

  • Skin bleaching is not good, causes cancer if it contains mercury (cheap ones).
  • Common, a cultural norm, most creams and soaps contain bleaching agents.
  • Nigerians think it makes them look more beautiful, they look fresh with lighter skin, too much sun makes the skin too dark which is not good.
  • When applying it burns the face and arms.
  • The creams are available from doctors or can be purchased at the local store.

Skin Bleaching in Nigeria

References

Damage Includes:

Other Dangers:

  • Skin Atrophy
  • Dermatologic symptoms
  • Ochronosis
  • Organ Failure
  • Nephrotic Syndrome
  • Poisoning from mercury, corticosteroids, hydroquinone
  • Black market & underground supply
  • Access to unsafe products

Withdrawal

Mercury:

  • Rashes
  • Repigment of the skin
  • Seeking Medical Attention
  • Dermatologic, renal, and neurological problems
  • Other problems affecting the body
  • Mad Hatters Disease

Steroids:

  • Bodily affects of the Steroids
  • Correlation with serious conditions
  • Addiction
  • Erythema

Dadzie, O. E., & Petit, A. (July 01, 2009). Skin bleaching: highlighting the misuse of cutaneous depigmenting agents. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 23, 7, 741-750.

de, S. M. M. (January 01, 2008). The concept of skin bleaching in Africa and its devastating health implications. Clinics in Dermatology, 26, 1, 27-29.

Dove Body Wash: Strong Enough to Turn a Black Woman White. (n.d.). Gawker. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http://gawker.com/5804724/dove-body-wash-strong-enough-to-turn-a-black-woman-white

Dr. Yaba Blay. (n.d.). Dr Yaba Blay. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://yabablay.com/skin-bleaching-self-hatred-and-colonial-mentality/

EURweb.com. (2013, January 3). In Africa, Being Black is NOT Seen as Being Beautiful: White Skin is In. . Retrieved May 5, 2014, from http://blackamericaweb.com/2013/01/03/in-africa-being-black-is-not-seen-as-being-beautiful-white-skin-is-in/2/

Fair and Lovely Skin Cream Ad (in English). (2007, April 9). YouTube. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

Hamann, C. R., Boonchai, W., Wen, L., Sakanashi, E. N., Chu, C. Y., Hamann, K., Hamann, C. P., ... Hamann, D. (February 01, 2014). Spectrometric analysis of mercury content in 549 skin-lightening products: Is mercury toxicity a hidden global health hazard?. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 70, 2, 281.

Nuul Kukk (2010, June 14). . Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.nuulkukk.com/index.php/en/

Olumide, Y. M., Akinkugbe, A. O., Altraide, D., Mohammed, T., Ahamefule, N., Ayanlowo, S., Onyekonwu, C., ... Essen, N. (April 01, 2008). Complications of chronic use of skin lightening cosmetics. International Journal of Dermatology, 47, 4, 344-353.

Skin Bleaching historical thought Talk up Yout. (2013, June 28). YouTube. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

Skin Bleaching. (n.d.). Academia.edu. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.academia.edu/1072264/Skin_Bleaching

Skin Lightening, Racial Identity & Beauty Standards: Stop the Madness!. (n.d.). Feminspire. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http://feminspire.com/skin-lightening-racial-identity-and-societal-beauty-standards-stop-the-madness

Skin whitening ad in Thailand. (2014, March 15). YouTube. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

Skin Whitening Science. (n.d.). Skin Whitening Science. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.skinwhiteningscience.com/

Staley, Zinab. Personal interview.

Startling Number of Nigerian Women Use Harmful Skin Bleaching Products. (2013, April 4). YouTube. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

!! INDIANS WHO HATE THEIR SKIN COLOR BLEACH IT WHITE!!. (2009, September 9). YouTube. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

Jessica Hope---Dusti Huddleston---Lacey Will---Camille Staley

Health Risks for Skin Bleaching

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