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Empiricism-> Main characteristics
Philosophers BCE
1. The principle of sufficient reason (PSR)
Empiricism
Rationalism
- There is a reason (or cause) for everything, both for its
existence or for its non-existence
- Example
- Aristotle
2. The priority of reason (or intellect)
- Plato
- Socrates
- Pythagoras
- We can know some propositions by intuition alone
- Some knowledge (or some concepts) is innate
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3. The importance of method
- To investigate the truth of things
- ‘Method’-> reliable rules which are easy to apply
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4. List of rationalists. (2018, December 28). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rationalists
The philosophy of Pythagoras
Pythagoras
Aristotle
- Invented the word "philosophy"
- Based in Aristotle
+ Dicaearchus and Aristoxenus
- Pythagoreanism
- thought processes and the soul were located in the brain
- 570 to ca. 490 BCE
- Pythagoras wrote nothing
- Image-> Father of the numbers
- Famous for
+ Immortal soul
+ Religious
+ Strict life
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6. Pythagoras. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.philosophybasics.com/philosophers_pythagoras.html
5. Huffman, C. (2018, October 17). Pythagoras. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pythagoras/
Spinoza
BUT...
Fun Fact
...
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
- 1632 Amsterdam
- Work-> The Ethics
- The world as a part of God
- Anthropomorphic conceptions of God
- Theological-Political Treatise
+ Miracles are not supernatural
+ Torah
+ The prophets
- Freedom of thought
He died from a stomach disease
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7. Baruch Spinoza. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.philosimply.com/philosopher/spinoza-baruch
Discussion
Hume
Thanks for listening
What approach would you take and why?
- 1711 - 1776, Scotland
- Age of Enlightenment
- Opponent of Descartes
- Skepticism
- Book-> "A Treatise of Human Nature"
- "the science of man is the only solid foundation for the other sciences"
- Knowledge
+ Relations of ideas
+ Matters of facts
https://uquiz.com/fnBsp4/are-you-a-rationalist-or-an-empiricist
8. David Hume. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.philosophybasics.com/philosophers_hume.html