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Lung function tests:

  • method of diagnosing respiratory impairment, quantifying its severity and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment
  • to assess fitness for high altitude, air travel and diving

Arterial blood gases

Lung function testing is contraindicated in:

  • pneumothorax
  • suspected infectious respiratory disease, e.g. tuberculosis
  • vascular aneurysms
  • recent surgery, e.g. ophthalmic surgery
  • clinical utility for the diagnosis
  • management and monitoring of respiratory and cardiac diseases
  • monitoring of patients on mechanical ventilation and patients under general anesthesia

The principal clinical uses of ABGs and lung function tests

  • Diagnosing respiratory and cardiac disease
  • Assessing the severity of both acute (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD) and acute-on-chronic (e.g. muscular dystrophy) disease
  • Measuring the response to management, e.g. the efficacy of steroid inhalers in asthma
  • Preoperative safety checks
  • Postoperative and critical care monitoring

Understanding ABGs & Lung Function Tests

  • the anatomy of respiratory tract
  • the tests of lung function
  • the tests of arterial blood gases

“It appears to me a most excellent thing for the physician to cultivate Prognosis; for by foreseeing and foretelling, in the presence of the sick, the present, the past and the future… he will be the more readily believed to be acquainted with the circumstances of the sick”.

The anatomy of respiratory tract

The lungs - the right lung and the left lung.

The bronchial tree - up to 28 times from the trachea to the alveoli, the site of gaseous exchange between the air and the blood.

The alveolar sac - contain blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.

The membrane itself is extremely thin (0.5μm) - total surface area of about 55m² provided by 700 million alveoli.

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