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Ad Hominem
14
Example:
I think everyone should be a vegetarian.
You're just like Hitler! He was a vegetarian!
Circumstantial
Association
Discredits the speaker based on expected responses due to the circumstances
Not always...
Also used to disprove an argument because of unrelated events or past claims.
Discredits a speaker because of a group or association that supports him or her
Ad hominem is fallacious only when it addresses an argument or claim.
Why is it fallacious?
It can be used effectively to counter a statement of fact or testimony.
Ad hominem uses shock and confusion to break the audience's trust in his or her opponent instead of reasoning or logic
It often does not actually prove or disprove the claim
Example:
Based on the idea that arguments are only as valid as their speakers
Tu Quoque
What is it?
Tu quoque means "you too" in Latin.
Ad hominem tu quoque focuses on disproving an argument by exposing the speaker as a hypocrite.
Ad hominem is a type of red herring fallacy that attacks the speaker to divert from or disprove an argument
Example:
Bibliography
We should
have more restrictions on citizen gun
use.
"Fallacy: Ad Hominem Tu Quoque." Fallacy: Ad Hominem Tu Quoque. The Nizkor Project, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015
"Fallacy: Ad Hominem." Fallacy: Ad Hominem. The Nizkor Project, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
Aren't you in the NRA?
Example:
Ad hominem is a Latin phrase meaning "to the person."
We should improve healthcare.
You're dumb for thinking that's a good idea.
Name Calling
Example:
Also a form of propaganda, in this technique the user directly attacks the speaker instead of his or her argument
Remove the penny. It's expensive and wastes metal.
You hate
America!
Ad Hominem Fallacy
by Desmond Kamas and Elena Murray
You can't make that claim, you have no experience in that field.
This toothpaste works the best.