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Quantum Mechanics Timeline
1959 - Yakir Aharonov &
David Bohm
1928 - Dirac
Predicted that a magnetic field affects the quantum properties of an electron in a way that is forbidden by classical physics. The Aharonov-Bohm effect is observed in 1960 and hints at a wealth of unexpected macroscopic effects.
Compton- observes that x-rays behave like miniature billiard balls in their interactions with electrons, further evidence for the particle nature of light.
Presented a relativistic theory of the electron that includes the prediction of antimatter.
1964 - John S. Bell
1925 - Wolfgang Pauli
1948 - Richard Feynman
Proposes that light, which has wavelike properties, also consists of bundles of energy, which are later called photons.
Broglie- generalizes wave-particle by suggesting that particles of matter are also wavelike.
Proposed an experimental test, "Bell's inequalities," of whether quantum mechanics provides the most complete possible description of a system.
Developed the first complete theory of the interaction of photons and electrons, quantum electrodynamics, which accounts for the discrepancies in the Dirac theory.
Enunciated the exclusion principle.
Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan develop matrix mechanics, the first version of quantum mechanics, and make an initial step toward quantum field theory.
1927 - Heisenberg
Stated his Uncertainty Principle, that it is impossible to exactly measure the position and momentum of a particle at the same time.
Proposed his planetary model of the atom, along with the concept of stationary energy states, and accounts for the spectrum of hydrogen.
1957 - John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, &
J. Robert Schrieffer
1932 - Carl David Anderson
Found a new way to count quantum particles, later called Bose-Einstein statistics, and they predict that extremely cold atoms should condense into a single quantum state, later known as a Bose-Einstein condensate
Ernest Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom.
1926
1982 - Alain Aspect
Discovered antimatter, and an anti-electron called the positron.
Showed that electrons can form pairs whose quantum properties allow them to travel without resistance, providing an explanation for the zero electrical resistance of superconductors. This theory was later termed the BCS theory (after the surname initials of the three physicists).
Confirm the existence of stationary states through an electron-scattering experiment.
Erwin Schrödinger - developed a second description of quantum physics, called wave mechanics. It includes what becomes one of the most famous formulas of science, which is later known as the Schrödinger equation.
Albert Einstein - proposed that light, which has wavelike properties, also consists of discrete, quantized bundles of energy, which are later called photons. Escription of quantum physics, called wave mechanics. It includes what becomes one of the most famous formulas of science, which is later known as the Schrödinger equation.
Enrico Fermi and Paul A.M. Dirac - found that quantum mechanics requires a second way to count particles, Fermi-Dirac statistics, opening the way to solid-state physics.
Dirac - published a seminal paper on the quantum theory of light.
1934 - Hideki Yukawa
Carried out an experimental test of Bell's inequalities and confirms the completeness of quantum mechanics.
Max Planck presents a paper to the German Physical Society in which he derives the blackbody formula. Planck has used the old trick of taking the known experimental results and working backwards to see what he has to do to make it square with known theory. Quantum Mechanics was born.
Proposed that nuclear forces are mediated by massive particles called mesons, which are analogous to the photon in mediating electromagnetic forces.
Patrick Gower, Jacey Williams