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The abacus (plural abaci) is a tool used for making arithmetic calculations. The abacus or abaci are used mostly in and around Asia.
The common abaci that we see today are made with a bamboo frame and have beads that slide on wires. However more primitive abaci were made with grooves etched into wood and beans or rocks were placed in the grooves
The abacus is still widely used today by sales clerks and merchants in Asia and Africa. The abacus over the years has been used by several civilizations such as the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians, the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Indians the Native Americans, the Russians, and primarily the Chinese, the Japanese and the Korean.
Since there are many different users of the abacus there are many different variations. Japanese have the soroban as seen on the right of the traditional Chinese abacus which is on the left. The Koreans have the Jupan, and then the Russian abacus is the schoty.
Not only does the abacus have uses for many different cultures but it also has uses for the blind such as performing addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, square root, cubic root. What makes the Cranmer abacus so special is that it has felt so that the beads of the abacus do not move while the user feels for the beads.
-John Napier invented 'Napier's bones'. (1550-1617). -Born into a wealthy Scottish family.-He was a Scottish mathematician and scientist. -Napier's bones was invented to help you with multiplication. -In 1617, he published “Rabdologiae by the Charles Babbage institute in the Reprint series for the History of Computing.-John Napier is mainly known for the invention of logarithms.-Napier’s Bones became popular for calculating in England and Western Europe, because most people lacked mathematical skills.-Staring in the 1960’s, English children started to use Napier’s bones to learn multiplication.
-The exact year of the invention is unknown.- In 1614, John Napier invented the logarithms; this is considered the principal invention of Napier’s Bones.-This invention was made in Scotland.-He invented the decimal point; we use this in computers; in Html and math.-An original set of Napier's Bone’s is in the Computer History Museum collection.
-Napier's Bones is one of the earliest forms of computers in terms of calculating multiplication. -The definition of a computer is something that computes.-It could be considered one of the first computers.-It is one of the many first computers invented. Originally we humans were the first computers initially. Before we had computers we were doing it ourselves.
The slide rule is "A ruler with a sliding central strip, marked with logarithmic scales and used for making rapid calculations, esp. multiplication and division."
To multiply two numbers on a normal slide rule, you set the start of the scale on the C scale to line up with one factor on the D scale. You then find the second factor on the C scale and look on the D scale for the product. By doing this, the user effectively added the logs ) of the two numbers and looked up the antilog. The following video will demonstrate.
The Slide Rule was invented in the 17th century by William Oughtred. They were based on logarithms by John Napier
Do you ever wonder about the evolution of math and the calculator? Well we are going to take you way back and teach you about the abacus, Napier's Bones and the Slide Rule.