Jineterismo in Revolutionary Cuba:

Bibliography

Benítez A.G. (1954, February) cover for Carteles magazine http://www.guije.com/public/carteles/3506/index.htm

Berg, Mette Louise. "Tourism and the revolutionary new man: the specter of jineterismo in late 'special period' Cuba." Focaal, no. 43, 2004, p. 46+. Academic OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com.ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/apps/doc/A397007608/AONE?u=cuny_johnjay&sid=AONE&xid=8133fca1. Accessed 27 Feb. 2018.

Cohen, J. (1991, March). Cuba Libre. Playboy: Entertainment for Men, 68-75, 157-158.

Jineterismo in Revolutionary Cuba: Rebranding Female Prostitution In An Age of Sex Tourism (1950's & 1990's)

D'Avila, D. (2018, April 3). Jineterismo en Cuba [Personal interview].

English, T. J. (2013). Havana Nocturne: How the mob owned Cuba...and then lost it to the revolution. New York, NY: MJF Books.

Fortune, R. (1950, November). Sin-With a Rhumba Beat! STAG, 1(5), 22-23, 58, 60 from http://cuban-exile.com/doc_201-225/doc0208.html Accessed on: 17 April 2018

Golden, T. Special to The New,York Times. (1993, Jan 11). Castro's people try to absorb 'terrible blows'. New York Times (1923-Current File) Retrieved from http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/109088026?accountid=11724

Hynson, R. (2015). "Count, capture, and reeducate": The campaign to rehabilitate cuba's female sex workers, 1959-1966. 24(1), 125-153.

Massaguer, C. W. (c.1950). Come to Cuba: The Loveliest Land That Human Eyes Have Ever Seen [Illustration found in The Vicki Gold Levi Collection, The Wolfsonian–Florida International University, USA]. Retrieved April 9, 2018, from https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/photos/2016/03/vintage-cuba-travel-posters

Nilda, (2018, April 3). Jineterismo en Cuba [Personal Interview].

Suárez, L. (2011). "Consuming Cubanas: ¿Quién diablos es Juliette?" Cuban Studies, 42, 155-171,270.

What is Jineterismo?

Trumbull, C. (2001, November 30). Prostitution and Sex Tourism in Cuba. Retrieved April 17, 2018, from https://www.ascecuba.org/asce_proceedings/prostitution-and-sex-tourism-in-cuba/

Two Afro-Cuban women smoking cigars. [Personal photograph taken in Cuba]. (2017, July).

By: Joselyn Guazhima

Louise Berg's article, "Tourism and the Revolutionary New Man: The Specter of Jineterismo in Late 'Special Period'", defines this pre-revolutionary phenomenon as a survival tactic in which “jineteros or jineteras are people who offer sex, company, goods or services to foreigners in exchange for US dollars, a meal, a night out or desired consumer goods” (Berg, 2004).

I. Pre-Revolutionary Cuba: "America's Playground" Under The Batista Regime

III. The Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Now What?

Source: Berg, Mette Louise. "Tourism and the revolutionary new man: the specter of jineterismo in late 'special period' Cuba." Focaal, no. 43, 2004, p. 46+. Academic OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com.ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/apps/doc/A397007608/AONE?u=cuny_johnjay&sid=AONE&xid=8133fca1. Accessed 27 Feb. 2018.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cuba enters the Special Period ( El Período Especial), an extended period of economic crisis that began in 1989.

Prostitutes in Brothels

Self-Employed Women

Women Who Double As Waitresses or Dancers And Prostitutes

Street Walkers: El Barrio Colon

Source: English, T. J. (2013). Havana Nocturne: How the mob owned Cuba...and then lost it to the revolution. New York, NY: MJF Books.

Hynson, R. (2015). "Count, capture, and reeducate": The campaign to rehabilitate cuba's female sex workers, 1959-1966. 24(1), 125-153.

Main Argument

Source: By Golden, T. Special to The New,York Times. (1993, Jan 11). Castro's people try to absorb 'terrible blows'. New York Times (1923-Current File) Retrieved from http://ez.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/109088026?accountid=11724

Trumbull, C. (2001, November 30). Prostitution and Sex Tourism in Cuba. Retrieved April 17, 2018, from https://www.ascecuba.org/asce_proceedings/prostitution-and-sex-tourism-in-cuba/

Despite the change in the Cuban government, the prevalence of Jineterismo in the 1990's is due to the selling of the hyper-sexual stereotype of the Afro-Cuban woman and the economic crisis, i.e. the Special Period; given these conditions a repackaging of this profession emerges as it is perceived as an empowerment opportunity to survive in modern day Cuba.

Structure

II. Revolutionary Cuba: Women in the "Building Socialism" Effort

I. Pre-Revolutionary Cuba: "America's Playground" Under The Batista Regime

I. Pre-Revolutionary Cuba: "America's Playground" Under The Batista Regime

II. Revolutionary Cuba: Women in the "Building Socialism" Effort

III. The Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Now What?

IV. Playboy Magazine & Its Racial Implications

V. The Historical Debate

VI. Jineterismo Today

• Phase One: Census, Outreach, and Persuasion, 1961–1964
• Phases Two and Three: Reeducation and Repression, 1962–1964
• Relocation and Job Placement
• The End of the Official Campaign, 1964–1965

Source: Hynson, R. (2015). "Count, capture, and reeducate": The campaign to rehabilitate cuba's female sex workers, 1959-1966. 24(1), 125-153.

Source: Massaguer, C. W. (c.1950). Come to Cuba: The Loveliest Land That Human Eyes Have Ever Seen [Illustration found in The Vicki Gold Levi Collection, The Wolfsonian–Florida International University, USA]. Retrieved April 9, 2018, from https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/photos/2016/03/vintage-cuba-travel-posters

Source: Benítez A.G. (1954, February) cover for Carteles magazine http://www.guije.com/public/carteles/3506/index.htm

IV. Playboy Magazine & Its Racial Implications

"Booze, gambling, and sex - what more could a Yankee tourist ask for?"

(English, 2013)

VI. Jineterismo Today

V. The Historical Debate

“If you want to build up tourism, you have to open up everything to promotion” (Cohen, 1991).

Jineterismo is Prostitution

Jineterismo is Sex Work

Source: Cohen, J. (1991, March). Cuba Libre. Playboy: Entertainment for Men, 68-75, 157-158.

VS.

• Julia O'Connell Davidson, "Sex Tourism in Cuba"
• Nilda, Personal Interview

• Lucia Suarez, "Consuming Cubanas: ¿Quién diablos es Juliette?"
• Dalia, Personal Interview

Sources: D'Avila, D. (2018, April 3). Jineterismo en Cuba [Personal interview].

Nilda, (2018, April 3). Jineterismo en Cuba [Personal Interview].

O'Connell Davidson, J. (1996). Sex tourism in Cuba. Race & Class, 38(1), 39-48. Suárez, L. (2011). Consuming Cubanas: ¿Quién diablos es Juliette? Cuban Studies, 42, 155-171,270.

Source: Two Afro-Cuban women smoking cigars. [Personal photograph taken in Cuba]. (2017, July).