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Neo-Aristotelian Criticism
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Neo-Aristotelian Criticism
Invention
The Purpose to study SPEECHES asking the main question:
SELECT AN ARTIFACT
ANALYZE ARTIFACT
FORMULATE RESEARCH QUESTION
WRITE ESSAY
*Analyzing Analyzing*
Est. 1925 by Herbert A. Whichelns
Three Pillars
Use of non-creative (witness testimony/fact) or creative evidence (Logos, ethos, pathos)
Did the audience grasp what the speaker intended them to?
Application of Five Cannons
-“[Rhetorical Criticism] is not concerned with permanence, nor yet with beauty…rather it is concerned with effect. It regards a speech as a communication to a specific audience, and holds its business to be the analysis and appreciation of the orators’s method of imparting his ideas to his hearers.” Whichelns (who for the first time, marked specific guidelines for criticism.)
RECONSTRUCTING CONTEXT
-NOT just biographical information
-Formulate background of both audience and speaker in order to have a better look into why the speaker will use certain rhetoric techniques to pursuade the audience.
APPLYING THE FIVE CANNONS
ASSESSING THE EFFECT
Ethos
Logos
Invention
Organization
Style
Delivery
Memory
History
-Logical Argument including the presentation of evidence and inductive/deductive reasoning from this evidence
The effect or appeal of the speakers character on the audience.
The rest of the Cannons
Examples
Acknowledged as the only form of Rhetorical Criticism until the 1960’s, and is rarely used today.
ORGANIZATION
-the structure or arrangement of the speech
STYLE
-The language of the speech
Pathos
While you may not like this approach, its imperative to your knowledge because “all other forms of Rhetorical Criticism are written in response to both the strengths and limitations of Neo-Aristotelian Criticism.”
DELIVERY
-management of the voice and gestures in the presentation of the speech
Procedures
Identifies the emotions generated by the speech
MEMORY
-the speakers comfortablity with the material
ASSESS THE EFFECTS
"Did the rhetor select the best rhetorical options available to him to evoke the intended response from the audience?"