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Sigmund Freud: Personal Biography

Psychoanalytic Movement

Early Professional Career

Death

Childhood

  • Freud's cancer became worse and worse, and was deemed inoperable
  • He was euthanized (died) on Spetember 23rd, 1938, in London
  • Cause of death was lethal doses of morphine
  • He was cremated, and joined by his wife Martha in 1951
  • The movement continued to grow as many of Freud's early followers began creating their own regional schools
  • At the same time, many of Freud's contemporaries withdrew from the IPA
  • The IPA met in a biannual Congress after World War I
  • Freud attended his last Congress in 1922
  • Conflicting theories continued to cause withdrawl from the IPA
  • Freud's 1885 trip to Paris had a lasting impact
  • He studied with Jean-Martin Charcot, studying hypnosis
  • At his private practice, Freud employed hypnosis using Josef Breuer's approach
  • He later abandoned hypnosis and instead used "free association" and dream analysis to acheive symptom relief in his patients
  • Freud published over five books in this period
  • Born May 6th, 1856 in Freiberg in Mahren, first of 8 children
  • Left Freiberg in 1859, settled in Vienna in 1860
  • At age 9, Freud enrolled in Leopoldstader Kommunal-Realgymnasium
  • Graduated high school in 1873, and entered the University of Vienna
  • Studied philosophy, psychology and zoology
  • Graduated with an MD in 1881

1902

1923

1882

1939

1856

Followers

Legacy and Finer Points

Disease and Later Life

Early Adult Life

  • After graduation, Freud began working at Vienna General Hospital
  • He became engaged to Martha Bernays the same year
  • In 1885, Freud went to Paris on a fellowship to study
  • 1886 saw Freud open his own private practice, specializing in "nervous disorders"
  • He married the same year
  • Had six children with Martha Freud between 1887-1895
  • Freud developed cancer in 1923, probably caused by smoking
  • Many doctors downplayed the seriousness of the disease
  • Freud was awared the Goethe Prize for his contributions to German literary culture and psychology in 1930
  • Just 3 years later, the Nazi regime took power
  • Freud's books were among the many they burned
  • In March, 1938, Freud fled Vienna for London
  • Freud often lectured at his alma mater, and recieved the honorary title of Professor extraordinarious in 1902
  • From this point on, he began to amass followers
  • The group had five original members, and met on Wednesday afternoons to discuss psychology and neuropathology
  • By 1906, the group grew to sixteen memebers, and in 1908 was renamed the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society
  • By 1909, Freud had visited the United States, and his works began being translated into English
  • In 1910, Freud founded the International Psychoanalytic Society (IPA), with Carl Jung was elected its first president
  • Although many of his theories have been refuted, Freud is one of the most known and greatest figures in modern psychology
  • His greatest insight was probably the importance of the subconcious
  • Freud published at least 22 books, 8 case histories, and 18 papers
  • His daughter, Anna Freud followed his footsteps and was also a great contributer to the field
  • Freud was also a leading advocate for medical cocaine use, and consumed a great deal himself
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