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Graphene

Chemical

Electrical

  • Most reactive allotrope of Carbon
  • 100 times more than thicker sheets
  • Electrons effectively massless

Properties

  • Easy to access atoms
  • Defects help
  • Theoretical resistivity 0.0001Ω at 25°C
  • Reduced by disruption by light
  • Burns at 350°C
  • Most stable at sizes above 24,000 atoms

Mechanical

  • 100 times stronger than a steel
  • Elastic
  • Impermeable
  • Prefers to roll into tubes
  • Brittle

Thermal

Optical

  • Unusually opaque for its thickness
  • Best thermal conductivity of all Carbon allotorpes
  • Absorbs 2.3% red light
  • 5000W/m/K
  • Demonstrates non-linear absorption
  • 5 times better than graphite
  • Becomes saturated at high light intensities

Structure

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
  • sp2 orbital hybridisation
  • Each carbon atom exposed on two sides

Orbital Hybridisation

  • s and 2 p orbitals combine
  • Forms 3 bonding orbitals
  • Form σ orbitals
  • Reamining p orbital
  • Electrons free to delocalise
  • Forms π bond but changes with which atom regularly

Electronics

Medical

Uses

  • Drug delivery
  • Forms liquid crystal droplets in solution
  • Transistors
  • Faster than similar silicon ones
  • Transparent electrodes
  • Sensors
  • Waterproofing
  • Thinner condoms
  • Infrared detection - generates little heat
  • Night vision circuits

Others

  • Lubricant
  • Lasts 6.5 times as long as graphite
  • Antennae
  • Smaller than conventional
  • Better conductivity
  • Coolant
  • Thermal conductivity

Energy

Sensors

  • Solar cells
  • Transparency
  • Conductivity
  • Pizoelectric
  • Similar effect to bulkier counterparts
  • Batteries
  • Flexible
  • Adsorbtion
  • Must be coated with film of polymer
  • Low noise
  • High conductivity
  • Hydrogen storage
  • Folds to trap in electric field
  • 9.5% Hydorgen by weight
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