Globalization and global challenges
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Structure
Impact on the environment
Strategies
- consumption of products increases
production of goods raises
- Definition
- Three eras of globalization
- The Story of Stuff
- consumerism & strategies
- Global Player - Starbucks
- Impact on the environment
- Pros and cons
- Future tasks & requirements
- less locally-grown food
more transportation, more air pollution
- Greenhouse effect is reinforced
- industrial waste: disposed in oceans
- planned obsolescence ("planned for the dump")
= shortening the replacement cycle
products are produced in order for them to be obsolete within a specific time period
- perceived obsolescence
= part of the planned obsolescence that refers to "desirability"
- advertising
underwater organisms are killed, chemicals in the oceans
Prime example for success
India's Air Pollution Rivals China's as World's Deadliest
- Globalization...
- 1.1 million people die in India
- China: stabilized rate
- improved air pollution in the United States and Europe
The Story of Stuff
environmental regulations, actions by the European Commission
- 88,000 Americans, 258,000 Europeans: increased risk of premature death
- dangerous air particles = PM2.5 (Feinstaub)
-enables brands to grow
vehicles, industry
- consequences: cardiac diseases, stroke and heart failure, asthma and pneumonia
- India: weak environmental regulation, only petitions
lack of power
- health effects are still studied
-allows companies to make money out of international business
-supports capitalism
Definition
Reasons for the enormous success
- world-wide presence
- process of nations coming together
Countries with Starbucks [72]
- adapting to local culture
diversity embracement
- intensified interactions and communication
- environmental responsibility
- emergence of world economy
- maintaining dominant market position
- reputation:
"Starbucks effect"
Impact on the environment
components
- plastic: toxic pollutants
immense use: transportation, shopping
- in developing countries: direct way to the ocean
- Europe: tourists on the beaches
- fishing process: nets in the ocean
- dangerous for animals and humans
- founded in Seattle (1971)
- largest coffeehouse company
23.768 stores
- revenue 2015:
The Story of Stuff
~ 20.000.000.000 US-$
global expansion
- by Annie Leonard
- topic: excessive consumerism of the modern society; strategies of planned obsolescence
- definitions of consumption, consumerism and overconsumption
consumption:
- means acquiring and using goods and services one needs
consumerism:
- particular relationship to consumption in which one tries to satisfy emotional and social needs
demonstration of selfworth through goods
overconsumption:
- taking far more resources than we need / the environment provides
Future tasks & requirements
Pros
- thinking locally & globally
- being prepared for an unknown future & crosscultural encounters
- being future oriented
- developing production & service skills
- developing flexibility & intercultural competencies
- diffusion of new ideas, technologies, products etc.
- communication f.ex. social networks
- improve the global living standards (education, health care, infrastructure etc.)
- intercultural competencies
- cooperation through partnerships
- wealth for local economies
- equality
- tourism
The three eras of globalization
idea: be connected and think about global issues
globalization has the potential to make this world a better place to live in and solve the deep-seated problems like unemployment and poverty
Globalization 1.0. (1492 - 1800)
- global integration driven by religion and imperialism
competition vs. opportunities
- focus on western countries
EUROPE and AMERICA
size large
Globalization 2.0. (1800 - 2000)
- global integration driven by multinational companies
- markets and labour
Industrial Revolution
- focus on western companies
EUROPE and AMERICA
Global Player - Starbucks
size medium
Globalization 3.0. (currently: since 2000)
- driven force: collaborating and competing individuals
- empowered individuals
- focus on individuals
WHOLE WORLD
- Global Player
= company with world-wide presence
size tiny
Cons
- poor countries were made worse off
asymmetric way of globalization
- gap between poor and rich increases: social injustice
- jobs are transferred
- problem for small companies
- big companies: avoid taxes
- exploitation of labour, inhumane conditions
- no individualism
- destruction of the environment
lack of concern: air pollution, industrial waste...
- European chicken meat is sent to West Africa
Thank you for your attention!
Felix, Hanna, Lara & Sara