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NIBIN is a database managed by the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (BATF) that is composed of forensics ballistics image information. NIBN is the only database that permits nation-wide comparisons of ballistics evidence to determine if evidence from different crimes are associated with a single firearm. Matched evidence or hits produced by NIBIN may produce useful intelligence for investigators and thus improve investigations.
In 1998, the FBI Lab began using DNA testing in forensic cases. Prior to 1998, testing was used in detecting, characterizing and attributing bodily fluids stains on evidence.
The purpose of the USA PATRIOT Act is to deter and punish terrorists acts in the U.S and around the world, enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and other purposes.
• To strengthen U.S. measures to prevent, detect and prosecute international money laundering and financing of terrorism;
• To subject to special scrutiny foreign jurisdictions, foreign financial institutions, and classes of international transactions or types of accounts that are susceptible to criminal abuse;
• To require all appropriate elements of the financial services industry to report potential money laundering;
• To strengthen measures to prevent use of the U.S. financial system for personal gain by corrupt foreign officials and facilitate repatriation of stolen assets to the citizens of countries to whom such assets belong.
The IAFIS was launched July 28, 1999. Before it was a process of a 10 print fingerprint submission was largely a manual, labor-intensive process. Usually taking weeks or months to process a single submission.
With the IAFIS a criminal print can be processed within 27 minutes.
The IAFIS houses finger prints and criminal histories for more than 70 million criminal subjects.
Also the data base of the IAFIS has mug shots, scars, height, weight, hair color, and aliases of criminals.
In 2007 there were 400 crime labs in the U.S. Today there are 300 state and local forensic labs, 48 lab systems, and 91 local lab systems. All together today in the U.S. there are 439 crime labs.
Also in 2007 there were nearly 40,000 people involved in forensic science in the U.S., In 2010, 13,000 people were employed as forensic scientists.