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Because of its dangerous reaction when combined with organic compounds, most industrial places usually do not have the most favorable conditions for carrying out the Ostwald process, thus it will produce an unsafe corrosive tendencies within the nitric acid and concentration. This is why nitric acid is used in explosives, but this can also pose a safety hazard.
Before the Ostwald process, all nitric acid was produced by distilling Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) or Potassium Nitrate (KN03) with concentrated sulfuric acid. The process was discovered in 1902 and implemented in 1908. Since this discovery was made before the war, it contributed to WWI. Before the Ostwald process, Germany did not have nitrate deposits of its own to make the nitric acid necessary for the production of artillery shells such as TNT.
Wilhelm Ostwald was a German chemist who was born in Latvia. He discovered his process, the Ostwald Process, in 1902 and implemented it in 1908. Ostwald won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909.
Le Châtelier's Principle suggests that if a change is imposed in a system at equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will shift in the direction that helps to reduce the effect on that change. This means that the conditions that would favor the forward reaction and shift the equilibrium to the right would be decreasing the temperature, increase the concentration , and increasing the pressure and volume.
4NH3 + 5O2--> 4NO + 6H2O (Delta H =-950 KJ/mol
2NO + O2 --> 2NO2 (Delta H = -114 KJ/mol
3NO2 + H2O --> 2HNO3 + NO (Delta H =-117 KJ/mol
-reacts together at 02 and ammonia at NH3 at 850 degrees Celsius and 5 atmospheres pressures with platinum and rhodium catalysts to make NO gas
- this NO gas is oxidized to NO2, which is then dissolved in water to make HNO3
This is exothermic reaction
The Ostwald process now accounts for all industrial production of nitric acid, which is an important chemical to the fertilizer and explosives industries
Favorable conditions for this reaction include: a lower temperature, an increased concentration and an increased pressure. This does relate because both are favorable for the forward reaction.
The catalyst that is used for this process would be a heated platinum gauze. However, a copper or wire rod can serve as a substitute catalyst
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