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Citigroup Center Crisis

CIM 6

Monday, November 21, 2016

Ben Wakefield

Overview

Background

  • Background Information
  • Ethical Issues
  • Additional Problems

Engineering Crisis (1978)

  • Office tower in New York City
  • Designed by:
  • Architect Hugh Stubbins
  • Structural engineer William LeMessurier
  • Engineering challenge
  • Uniquely designed in order to accommodate a nearby church
  • Massive stilt towers placed in center of sides rather than corners

  • Design oversight and construction changes caused the completed building to be structurally unstable
  • Faulty initial wind calculations
  • LeMessurier's recalculations showed >70mph quartering winds could cause building collapse
  • Hurricane season was quickly approaching

images.adsttc.com

Other Issues

www.howardrenderings.com

  • Weather
  • Conditions to collapse building occurred once in 55 years
  • Device
  • First use of a mass damper
  • Power loss possible
  • Conditions occurred once in 16 years with disabled damper

Ethical Issues

Solution

www.slate.com

  • Construction crews welded steel plates over 200 bolted joints
  • Initial problem and repairs were kept secret from the media
  • Major storm nearly struck New York with the repairs only half-completed
  • Faulty analysis of wind loads
  • Last minute design changes
  • LeMessurier did not consider public safety
  • LeMessurier deliberately misled the public with statements
  • Public unable to keep themselves safe due to faulty insight provided
  • Ethical and engineering knowledge was inhibited for 20 years due to problem concealment

Conclusion

files1.structurae.de

docomomo-us.org

Questions?

Conclusion

Canon #5- Avoid Deceptive Acts

Companies should not be untruthful, take shortcuts, or turn a blind eye.

Workers for the company as well as the general public have the right to be told the truth.

“When matters of life and property are at stake, not knowing should be equivalent to we have a problem”

Even if a problem cannot be directly identified, a danger still exists if there are any uncertainties.

The engineers behind the The Citigroup Center didn't know if it would collapse, and despite the safety and property of people being at risk, they did not address it as a problem as quickly as they should have.

  • The Citigroup Center Crisis was a lucky dodge to an engineering fallacy that put countless lives at risk.
  • It could have easily been prevented if LeMessurier had confirmed his calculations and scrutinized the actual building process
  • LeMessurier violated the Engineering Code of Ethics because the general public's health, welfare, and safety were blatantly disregarded.

References

  • Citigroup Center Render. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2016, from http://www.howardrenderings.com/image-archives/11576/pic1.jpg
  • Citigroup Center Flare. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2016, from http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5445/fab6/e58e/cefb/6000/00a2/large_jpg/Paulkhor.jpg?1413872306
  • Citigroup Base. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2016, from http://docomomo-us.org/files/imagecache/homepage_image_450_w/fiche/IMG_2041.JPG
  • Slanted Roof Citigroup Center. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2016, from https://files1.structurae.de/files/photos/1/20081009/dsc00999_shift.jpg
  • Tuned Mass Damper. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2016, from http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/11/17/the_tuned_mass_damper_of_taipei_101_in_taiwan/damper.jpg.CROP.promo-large2.jpg
  • Citigroup Center Night. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2016, from http://en.academic.ru/pictures/enwiki/67/CitigroupCenterNight.jpg

en.academic.ru

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