Temperate Woodland and Shrubland

Human Impact

Mainly, humans build tourist attractions in the chaparral biome. One of the major danger to this biome is humans coming in and building buildings. Humans also come in and build factories. This affects organisms that depend on the natural forest fires to survive. More and more organisms are becoming threatened and even endangered. When these animals become endangered it affects other animals because they don’t get to feed off that animal.

Abiotic Factors

Human Impact:

Many trees, brush and other plants are home to a variety of animal species. These are being cutdown by humans in order to supplement growing human populations.

• nutrient poor, fertile soil
• little to no rain fall
• mountains
• 5,000 ft. elevation
• periodic fires
• hot, dry summers
• cool, moist summer

Biodiversity

Geographic Distribution

SWATS

The Soil in the chaparral biome is very nutrient poor. It takes a long time for fertile soil to form. Most chaparral plants can grow in the desert-like soil while most plants cannot.

Animals in this biome have learned to survive on little to no Water. The average rainfall is 10 to 17 inches per year.

The Air or wind patterns of the chaparral is generally cool with some dry, ocean breezes.

During the winter, the Temperature can get as low as 30° F and the summers can get up to 100° F. The average temperature in the chaparral biome is 64° F.

The chaparral is primarily between 30 – 50 degrees latitude. It is just north of the Tropic of Cancer. Because of the low shrubs that dominate this area, there is a lot of Sunlight.

Temperate Woodland/Shrubland, also known as Chaparral, is found in small sections of most continents.

• west coast of United States
• west coast of South America
• parts of Australia
• coastal areas of Mediterranean

• The woodland/shrubland biome does not have a very high biodiversity. Plants and Animals can not survive the temperature and dryness.

• There isn't a lot of trees in

the chaparral biome.

1.Rattlesnakes

2. Songbirds

3. Coyotes

4. Bobcats

5. Evergreen Shrubs

6. Blue Oak

7. Sagebrush

8. Wren

9. Olive Tree

10. Skunk

• Most animals are nocturnal

or burrowing animals

Logistic Growth

Exponential Growth

This is the carrying capacity of the population.

Here are two sets of data taken that can be used to represent the population of Black Bears in the Chaparral biome. The red line on the logistic graph represents the carrying capcity or the amount that the biome can hold.

Tropic Cascade

Predator/Prey Relationship

An example of Predator-Prey relationship in the chaparral is the Grey Fox hunting the Black-Tailed Jackrabbit.

If one animal was hunted the whole food web would be endangered because that animal was once food for another animal and it would just keep going on in a chain effect.

This is an example of interspecific.

It is between two different species.

For example, if the grass was removed

from the food chain then the animals like

rabbits and mice would have no food and would

start to die off and then the fox would soon have no food as well. This is an example of a bottom up trophic cascade.

Competition

Plant Adaptations

Intraspecific competition is competition between organisms of the same species. An example of intraspecific competition is Grey Foxes fighting each other for resources due to a lack of resources and a large population. These resources include prey and shelter.

Temperate Woodland and Shrubland

Plants can survive long

periods of drought, heat and fire.

Fire is mostly a positive in a plants

life cycle. The plants adapt to the

fire being constant in their lives

and learn to live with it around.

Interspecific competition is competition between two different species. An example of interspecific competition is the Isand Grey Fox and Iberian Lynx competing for territory.

For example, Blue Oaks are adapted to drought and dry climates. They can survive temperatures above 100° F for several weeks at a time.

Pyramid of Energy

Food Web

Importance of Producers and Decomposers

The importance of producers in that the make their own foods, by using photosynthesis, and obtaining energy from the sun. Producers then give off that energy to other organisms. Decomposers are important to the Chaparral for recycling matter, and returning important chemical nutrients like carbon and nitrogen into the soil, air and water to be used by the producers.

Animal Adaptions

Birth and Death Rates

Animals don't require much water. They also have learned to live in their biome by being nocturnal and are usually small animals. The animals are all mainly grassland and desert type animals adapted to hot, dry weather.

Lydia Beth

Honors Biology Period 2

June 9, 2015

Birth and death rates can cause fluctuations in the biome population. Death rates increase as the population gets too large. Also natural disasters decrease the population size. A good example of density-dependent would be a disease. If the population density decreases then the chance of getting the disease would increase. Density-independent factors are typically abiotic and are influenced by the population size.

Density-independent factors include food or nutrient limitation, and climate extremes and fires.

Density-dependent might be one animal might not getting enough food and it will soon start to die off and become endangered.

Keystone Species

Symbiosis

Mutualism

Parasitism

Commensilism

One example of mutualism in the Chaparral biome is between the Blue Oak and the Common Sage Brush. They both are producers and both

live together without overpowering each other. This is interspecific.

An example of commensilism is the Red-Winged Blackbird and the Torrey Pine. This is because the Torrey Pine drops seeds onto the floor and then the Red-Winged Blackbird eats them. This doesn't benefit or harm the Torrey Pine but does benefit the Blackbird. This is interspecific.

An example of Parasitism is the Pacific Coast Tick. It latches itself onto the San Joachin Kit Fox for food. The Pacific Coast Tick benefits from getting food from the Fox, but the Fox is hurt because the tick transfers diseases into it's bloodstream and sucks up it's blood.This is also interspecific.

The keystone species in the woodland/shrubland biome is the giant kangaroo rat. The giant kangaroo rat is highly endangered. Because of this, the whole ecosystem suffers too. Their burrows are the main reason they are so important. They serve as homes for small animals like lizards and squirrels. Without these burrows these animals have no place to live and have no shelter.

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