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Wood Pencil

Pre-Manufactured Materials for Assembly

Consumer

Retail

Landfill

Slats

Cut

Manufacturing

Clay

Pencil Lead

Lead blended and extruded

Packaged

Lead inlay

Images

Calculations

Graphite

Sharpened

http://www.kpbs.org/news/2009/sep/23/study-refutes-practice-removing-dead-trees/

http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/ice/lec14/lec14.htm

http://elcoraresources.com/projects-2/

http://www.gutberlet.com/en/Produkte/Schreibgeraeteteile/Zwingen_Radierer/zwingen-radierer.php

http://hdwallpaperfun.com/screensaver/yellow-paint-wallpaper-desktop-computer-127419.html

http://pencils.com/the-great-eraser-caper/

http://www.pencilpages.com/articles/sanford/tour2.htm

http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/19/world/asia/north-korea-leader-culture/

http://www.astonishingprovidence.com/invisiblehand.htm

http://flickrhivemind.net/User/univerlacite/Recent

http://nymag.com/news/features/52452/

http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photos-pencil-sharpener-waste-painted-background-image30758003

https://fredspencils.wordpress.com/page/2/

http://nutritionintervention.wordpress.com/2013/03/09/in-a-junk-food-laden-world-the-mediterranean-diet-stands-no-chance/

http://nehandaradio.com/2010/01/29/mugabes-security-man-critically-injured/

http://www.hmontgomeryjr.com/?p=570

References

Bhowmik, R. (n.d.). Ferromagnetism in lead graphite-pencils and magnetic composite with CoFe2O4 particles. Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://arxiv.org/pdf/1107.1662.pdf

Christopher, D. (2007, May 1). 20 Things You Didn't Know About ... Pencils. Retrieved November 29, 2014, from http://discovermagazine.com/2007/may/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-pencils

EGRID 9th edition Version 1.0 Year 2010 Summary Tables. (2014, February 1). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/egridzips/eGRID_9th_edition_V1-0_year_2010_Summary_Tables.pdf

How pencils are made by Staedtler - The Office Supplies Supermarket. (2009, December 21). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from

How pencils are made today - Derwent Pencil Factory, Cumbria, UK. (2013, May 2). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from

How Products Are Made. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Eraser.html

How Products Are Made. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Pencil.html

McLean, M. (2010, June 7). How A Pencil Is Made. Retrieved November 22, 2014, from

Murphy, R. (2012, September 9). How much energy goes into making a pencil? Retrieved November 22, 2014, from

Musgrave Pencil Company. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from http://www.tnhistoryforkids.org/places/musgrave_pencil

Petroski, H. (1990). The pencil: A history of design and circumstance. New York: Knopf .

Schowalter, E. (n.d.). About Cedar Trees. Retrieved November 29, 2014, from http://www.aboutcedartrees.com/

Glued

Raw Materials

Estimation of log weight*

Log Length 50 feet

Breast Diameter 11 feet

Crown Trunk Diameter 6 feet

Specie: m(California) Incense Cedar

Estimated weight of one cedar log 109,730 lbs

*weight calculator used:

http://www.woodweb.com/cgi-bin/calculators/calc.pl

Retailer Transport Calculations**

Distance between St. Louis, MO and

Seattle, WA 2144 miles

San Diego, CA 1854 miles

Brownsville, TX 1165 miles

Miami, Fl 1215 miles

Bangor, ME 1422 miles

Sum 7800 miles

Average 1560 miles

Divided by 2 under the assumption that most locations are half-way between the manufacturer and the cities selected.

780 miles

**Locations selected and the most distant cities from St. Louis within the United States.

Eraser Insert

California Cedar

Sandwiched

CO2 absorbed by the growth of the trees 0.00412

Transport Emissions 12.84652

Manufacturing 0.001163

TOTAL CARBON EMISSIONS PER PENCIL 12.843565

lbs of CO2

Ferruled

Cut to shape

Lacquered

Ferrule

Carbon Life Cycle

by Kathleen Robbins

Eraser

Questions?

THANK YOU!

Lacquer

Glue

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