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Phylum Sarcodina
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Phylum Sarcodina
Phylum Sarcodina
THE AMOEBA
Some are surrounded by a calcium "shell"
-also known as a "test"
(ex: foraminiferans)
while others are "naked" (amoeba)
-allows them to change shape
- Some amoeba have many 'pseudopods' (polypodia)
- Others have only one (monopodial)
The Amoeba
Diseases Caused
by Amoebas
-Amoebic Dysentery is an intestinal illness.
-can be fatal
500 cases a year are reported
-most common: by eating contaminated food/drinking contaminated water
-Symptoms: headache, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, severe pain in colon.
-Affects 500 million people a year and kills 100,000.
Cell Respiration
-Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse through the cell membrane
Survival
-Form hard protective cysts when conditions are unfavourable
(drought, lack of nutrients, heat)
Amoeba Reproduction
-Ever changing shape (blob-like)
Binary Fission
- Asexual reproduction by binary fission
- Pseudopods start pulling apart
- Nuclear material replicates itself
- Pseudopods pull apart, splitting the cell
- The nucleus splits
- Two small cells result
-Entamoeba hystolytica cysts in untreated water cause amoebic dysentery
Ectoplasm - clear, thin, semirigid outer layer under the plasma
membrane
Endoplasm - grainy, more fluid inner part that fills the inside of the cell. This is what causes the amoeba to change shape
How they eat:
How they eat
- Eat by endocytosis
- surround food, form food vacuole, digest
- Amoebas eat algae, bacteria, plant cells and microscopic protozoa and metazoa (animals)
- Some amoebas are parasites