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Steponas Darius (1907) and Stasys Girėnas (1910) were Lithuanian pilots, emigrants to the United States, who made a significant flight in the history of world aviation. On July 15, 1933, they flew across the Atlantic Ocean, covering a distance of 3,984 miles (6,411 kilometers) without landing, in 37 hours and 11 minutes (107.1 mph). In terms of comparison, as far as the distance of non-stop flights was concerned, their result ranked second only to that of Russell Boardman and John Polando, and ranked fourth in terms of duration of flight at the time. Although Darius and Girenas did not have navigational equipment and flew under unfavorable weather conditions, the flight was one of the most precise in aviation history. It equaled, and in some aspects surpassed, Charles Lindbergh's classic flight. Lituanica also carried the first Transtlantic air mail consignment in history.

Migration - what is it ?

Migration is defined as the permanent change of residence of a person or group. Migration is taking place within different contects.

The main conceps:

  • Internal migration
  • External migration
  • Voluntary migration
  • Forced migration
  • Re-emigration
  • Push and Pull factors
  • Asylum seekers

1. What was the push and pull factors of migration wave of XIX century, which countries were destination countries? Was it forced or voluntary migration?

2. What was the push and pull factors of second migration wave during II World War? Was it forced or voluntary migration? Who were these emigrants

3. What was the reason of appointment system ?

4. What was the push and pull factors of the third migration wave after declaration of independence? Was it voluntary or forced migration? Who were these emigrants?

The middle of XIX century and beginning of XX century

The interwar period 1918 - 1939

Riga (Latvia)

USA

Moscow and Saint Petersburg (Russian empire

Russia

Brazil

Warsaw

Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay,

Colombia, Venezuela

Uruguay

Argentina

Spreading to the World

United Lithuanian Relief Fund of America did many efforts that USA government would introduce an immigration law and 205 000 people from DP camps could

immigrate into USA. Some of

the people from DP camps

emigrated to South America,

Australia, Africa.

Moving West. 1944-1947

A displaced persons camp or DP camp is a temporary facility for displaced persons threatened into forced migration. The term is mainly used for camps established after World War II in West Germany and in Austria, as well as in the United Kingdom, primarily for refugees from Eastern Europe and for the former inmates of the Nazi German concentration camps. Even two years after the end of World War II in Europe, some 850,000 people still lived in DP camps across Western Europe, among them Armenians, Poles, Latvians, Lithuanians, Estonians, Yugoslavs, Greeks, Russians, Ukrainians and Czechoslovaks.

60.000 people from Lithuania moved to Germany seeking safer asylum.

Deportations to Siberia

In 1940 June 15th Lithuania was occupied by Red Army. Without waiting long, Soviets started to organize mass deportations, as they say – do some cleaning.

1941 June 14-18 first mass deportation – 17 500 people deported to Siberia

2. Migration wave. 1940 -1953

Moving West. 1940 summer.

Double “D” is what depicts

Time in Lithuania

Feeling that Soviet occupation is comming, first refugees started to move to the West with prezidentas Antanas Smetona ahead.

They felt that Western countries,

especially USA are safer than

Europe which is turining into

The War.

Ieva Anušauskaitė Vischool 2013, Vilnius

Mass deportations

Spring(„Vesna“, 1948 m.), Deported 40 000

Swash („Priboj“, 1949 m.) Deported 32 000

Autumn („Osen“, 1951 m.) Deported 15 000

During soviet occupation until 1952 deported and sent to labor camps 275 000 Lithuanians.

Thank you for your attention!

Emigration after Lithuania declared indepencence in 1990

USA, Canada

Former Soviet Republics

European countries,

especially after 2004

Laurynas Radziukynas school in Kurnėnai, Alytus district

Lithuanians in USA

  • Was started to built in 1934
  • Engineer Laurynas Radziukynas emigrated to USA, worked in zinc mines
  • He wanted to present a school to his home village kids
  • Desks, doors, windows, heaters, all equipment and building materials were sent from Chicago to New York, from New York to Klaipėda by ships, from Klaipėda to Alytus by trains, from Alytus to Kurnėnai by horses.

The history of 10 litas

Lithuanian migration (XIX - XX centuries)

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