Muawiyah (Mu’ Awiyah) ibn Abu Sufyan

Bibliography

Rizwan, Snobra. "Religion, Ideology and Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Majlis-e-Hussain." University of Iowa Research Database. University of Iowa, 2011. Web. 16 Nov. 2015.

<http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=mathal>.

Leatham, Jeremy, et. al. "Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan." Faithology.com. Faithology, 11 March 2013. Web. 16 November 2015.

"Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan." YourDictionary, n.d. Web. 17 November 2015. <http://biography.yourdictionary.com/muawiya-ibn-abu-sufyan>.

"THE FIRST ARAB ATTACK ON CONSTANTINOPLE (AD 674-678)." Delving into History Periklis Deligiannis. 21 Jan. 2014. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.

"A History of Byzantium." Google Books. Web. 18 Nov. 2015. <https://books.google.at/books?id=gXCl9P0vKS4C&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185&dq=Muawiyah besiegement of constantinople&source=bl&ots=Bu3_ZZZyDV&sig=6IjsJO35uNr_mBYQlA8e9W3fRrY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEQQ6AEwCGoVChMI4OHf8PWZyQIVhRQsCh2fmQgL#v=onepage&q=Muawiyah besiegement>.

"The Portrait Of Muawiyah Bin Abi Sufyan (60H/679AD) In The Book The History Of Damascus City For Ali Bin AL-Hassan Ibn Asakar (571H/1175AD) A Historical Study." The Portrait Of Muawiyah Bin Abi Sufyan (60H/679AD) In The Book The History Of Damascus City For Ali Bin AL-Hassan Ibn Asakar (571H/1175AD) A Historical Study. Web. 19 Nov. 2015.

<http://scholar.najah.edu/content/portrait-muawiyah-bin-abi-sufyan-60h679ad-book-history-damascus-city-ali-bin-al-hassan-ibn>.

Personal Facts

Umayyad Empire during his reign

Yin-Yang Effect

Friends

• Expanded Empire.

• Created tension through war, therefore Sunni and Shi’a split,

• His rule was naturally violent.

• "He was beautiful, white [delightful] skin, had white [beard] and hair, wide shoulders and wide hips. His upper lip moved up when [he] laugh[ed]." (The Portrait)

• Born on 602 AD to Abu Sufyan

• Reigned from 661-680 AD

• Sunni

• Died 680 AD

• Legitimacy came from fighting ‘Ali for the caliphate and winning.

• Muslims/Ottoman (later in his life)

• Muhammad

Successes

• Conquered Northern Africa, Spain, and some of the Iberian

Peninsula

• Created and ruled the largest Empire at the time

Ambition

• To hold the Shi’a and Sunni together

• Annihilation of past enemies and conquest of the middle east, Anatolian and Iberian Peninsulas and Northern Africa.

Enemies

Muawiyah (Mu’ Awiyah) ibn Abu Sufyan

• At the beginning of his life, Muslims

• Byzantine Empire

• Berbers

• Northern African Tribes

Failures

By Luke, Rafi, and Logan

• Failed to keep the Sunni and the Shi'a together

• Failed to conquer Anatolian Peninsula (Constantinople)

What did he achieve?

• Founded the Umayyad Dynasty of Caliphs

• Became the Governor of Syria

• Created secular Muslim culture

• Was the first in the Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs

Ideology

• Divine Right - the doctrine that kings derive their authority from God

• Dynastic Rule - to be ruled by a dynasty

• Islamic Rule

Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan