Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
Congestion - Hemodialysis set-up
Risks of Bleeding disorders
Prone to Hospital Acquired Infections
*Patients with catheters have a 10-fold excess relative risk of bloodstream infection compared to AV Fistula.
Costly
Provides antibiotic protection without creating resistance.
Reduces the use of thrombolytic drugs/agents.
E.g. Urokinase, alteplase, reteplase
Inhibits the formation of biofilm.
Reduces bleeding risks.
Keeps its antimicrobial properties in the intradialytic period.
Increases catheter patency
Harmless side effects.
Citrate is a calcium binder
By instilling highly concentrated citrate into the lumen, Ca level at lock/blood interface decreases to zero.
Genetically microorganisms need calcium to multiply
When Ca is removed from the local environment, bacterial growth stops
Biofilm consists of a calcium based matrix, removal of Ca also prevents formation of biofilm
Ca is also needed in the clotting cascade, when Ca is removed from the environment, the clotting chain stops.
Clot formation is inhibited.
STANDARD ANTICOAGULATION
Anticoagulation in routine hemodialysis consists of a standard dose of heparin given as a bolus at the start of the dialysis treatment, with a mid-treatment dose to maintain suitable anticoagulation.
ANTI-BIOFILM- Citrate binds to calcium.
ANTI-COAGULANT- zero use of Urokinase (thrombolytic agent).
ANTIMICROBIAL- significant decrease in incidence of symptomatic bacteremia.
NEEDLE-FREE- Drip free and with Luer connector.
Polysaccharide combined with an Anti-Thrombin
Widely used despite lack of evidence to support efficacy and safety
Heparin can:
Cause unintentional systemic anticoagulation even when correct volume is given
Interfere with lab assessments of clotting
HITS (Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia)
HIA (Heparin-induced antibodies)
Increase bleeding risks in uremic patients
Actually enhance staphylococcal biofilm formation
For Patients:
No need for antibiotic prophylaxis means No need for additional medication expense.
Prevents Catheter-related Thrombosis means minimizing risks of bleeding during hemodialysis.
For Healthcare providers:
Easy to administer.
Citra-Lock™ has a thrombolytic effect, it chelates clotting parts and biofilm.
This may result in a pink colorization of the extension parts of the catheter, specially in catheters which have been used for longer periods
Leakage of Citra-Lock™ is also a reason for the colorization.
SIDE EFFECTS
Harmless and transient
Metallic taste (dygesia) or tingling in the fingers (paresthesia)
Sign that the catheter lock volume was overdosed
Decreasing the volume with 0.1 mL for the next instillation will solve this problem in most cases
If used according to the instructions in volumes suitable to catheter lumens, no reason to expect systemic effects from such a small volume of citrate.