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This is a visual Secondary source that presents the the main camps in which Australian prisoners were held.
The Australian POWs were kept in unsanitary and filthy areas where there was little or no toilets and where insects were always present. This also caused other infections, diseases and illnesses such as malaria. Their illness made the area a more infectious and unhealthy environment. They also faced tropical ulcers and the most contagious and fatal disease they were able to catch was cholera which caused diarrhoea and dehydration. . Around 60-80% of the POWs died from this within a few days.
This is a primary source and it shows the state in which the prisoners were whilst in incarceration.
This is a written Primary source as it is from an Australian prisoner's diary. It describes the harsh and unsanitary conditions that the Australian prisoners experienced on their way to Germany from Greece.
This is a visual Secondary Source that portrays the main camps in Italy in which Australian prisoners were held.
Due to the food that they were given each day, they lacked in a lot of protein and any other essential nutrients to help the body function properly. As a result of this, malnutrition was caused and many of the prisoners had died due to this illness. This diet also caused an infection within the digestive system and cause severe diarrhoea.
This is a primary source that portrays the living conditions that the Australians faced each day.
This is a visual Secondary Source. This image demonstrates the route of the Australian prisoners that were sent from Sandakan to Ranau.
Rod Wells helped Lionel Matthews (an Australian Army Signal Corps officer) to build a radio at Sandakan. They both were then arrested and taken in as prisoners by the Japanese Police.
This is a Primary written source. This source describes the torture that some Australian men went through from the Japanese police if they were interrogated or arrested. It is in the perspective of an Australian Lieutenant.
In all Australian wartime history, the treatment of the Japanese towards the Australian captives was described to be the most brutal and the most harsh treatment. The POWs were forced into labour, working in factories, construction sites and on railways. They were also fed only half a cup of rice each day with watery, vegetable soup.
This is a secondary source as it displays the varying camps over Japan as well as the rest of South-East Asia in which the Australian prisoners were held in.
Many of the Australian POWs did not think or even attempt to escape the camps as they came to the conclusion that there was no point. They were already very sick, ill and lacking in energy so they did not have the strength to have to run, they were in very remote and isolated areas which were far from towns and villages and if they did ever make it to a town or village they would have been turned in by those who found them.
On September the 3rd in 1939, the Prime Minister of Australia, Robert Menzies announced that Australia would be involved in the Second World War. As a result of this, virtually a million Australians- both men and women served. But during the years of 1940-1945, majority of these men and women were taken in as prisoners by other forces such as the Japanese, Germans and Italians. During this time, they faced heavy hardships and faced the most brutal treatment. One third of those who went had died.