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The Rise of Monasticism in the Early Christian Movement
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The Rise of Monasticism in the Early Christian Movement
In the third century, aescetic movement sees Christians withdraw to the Egyptian desert to prepare themselves for the Last Judgement.
St. Anthony of Egypt 251-356
Considered the "father of monasticism"
St. Anthony epitomized Eremitic monasticism
St. Athanasius' Life of Anthony popularized the movement by showing people how Anthony's way of life prepared one to fight off the demons of the world.
St. Pachomius 290-346
Contemporary of St. Anthony
Founder of cenobitical life (life in common)
Built the first monastery with communal living and his sister built the first convent
Developed rules that allowed monks to live in close proximity and still maintain solitude. There was a framework for prayer and work. Monks became self sustaining.
St. Basil 330-379
Further expanded Pachomius rule and abandoned the idea of isolation. Monks should live and work together in a community based on fellowship.
Built monasteries throughout what is now modern day Turkey
St. Patrick 387-493
St. Patrick takes monasticism to Ireland. Up until this time monasticism was largely unsuccessful in the west.
St. Benedict 480-543
Wrote the Holy Rule which would become the standard for most western monasteries
Benedictine Rule has 73 chapters; stressed obediance and discipline, life divided equally between work, sleep, and prayer
Stated that the Abbott has full authority
Benedictine monks become known as "Soldiers of Christ"
Monks and nuns made countless contributions in education, historical work, missionary work, architecture, painting, and other various fields while dividing their time between prayer and work. The impact of monasticism is widely felt throughout the world and continues to influence today.
The Desert Fathers
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