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Physiological Adaptations of Seeds

Poison

Dispersal

Dormancy

Animal Dispersal

Wind Dispersal

Animals disperse seeds through several methods:

1. Through burrs that get tangled in fur or feathers

2. Produce a fleshy fruit that is meant to be eaten, so that the seeds are dispersed by digestion

3. Animals like squirrels bury seeds, but do not return. This leads to the tree being planted.

-These seeds are often smaller and have wing-like structures or hair-like structures to catch the wind

-Usually plants that use this method produce a lot of seeds to increase chances of survival

Deter animals from destroying the seed to increase chances of survival

-Although apples are edible, their seeds have a small dosage of cyanide to discourage consumption

-Some

Chances of survival are increased because the seed germination will occur under favorable conditions

Dormancy will happen after certain environmental conditions

Water Dispersal

"The yew attaches a bright red fleshy covering to its seeds which many birds relish and accordingly transport. Their beaks are not strong enough to damage the seed and that is just as well for it contains a savage poison which can kill bigger animals if they are incautious enough to crush a seed in their mouths." (Attenborough 1995:32)

Mechanical Dispersal

Produce seeds that can float so water an carry them

Plants that live by rivers and streams have adapted so that the river will cause the plant to germinate at a new site downstream

Some plants will fling ripe seeds in all directions. As the pod dries out, tensions emerge and like a spring, the seed is catapulted

Exterior

Seed Size

Seed size varies upon the conditions

-Large seeds are protected more from weather and disease, but are produced in smaller quantities

-Small seeds are preferred by animals and are produced in large quantities, but are not as protected

Some seeds have a harder exterior in order to prevent consumption and harmful abiotic factors

Some plants that are dispersed aquatically will have the hard coat to protect from water damage

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