TYPE OF CRIMES
AND
other multiple location crimes such as telephone harassment, and credit card theft.
GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING IN MALAYSIA
IN SYARI'AH?
- Crime mapping system prototype been proposed by Royal Malaysian Police (RMP)
- Map the crime incidents at the police district level administration in Kajang, Selangor
- The system developed was tested using the actual data of crime reported from district of Kajang
SUCCESSFUL
UNSUCCESSFUL
- Only to help the investigation
- Need more evidence by using different kind of method rather than one method like physical evidence, DNA profiling, criminal profiling, eyewitnesses etc to support accusation
- To avoid misunderstanding and bias
- To prevent the authority to catch the wrong person
- Zodiac Killer, operated in Northern California, open until now (1960s)
- Operation Orb - M25 rapist from England (2000s)
- Sniper Case in Washington D.C. (2002)
- Operation Yeaddis - The killing of Amelie de la Grange and links to other murders / assaults (2000s)
DISADVANTAGES
- It only considers the spatial behavior of serial offenders
- It may not distinguish between multiple offenders operating in the same area and following similar modus operandi
- Computer systems cannot analyze all the information involved in a crime series and only as good as the accuracy of their algorithms' underlying assumptions
- It requires a series of crimes to be correctly linked to a single offender
- Not work well with mentally ill offenders
- It equally does not work well with spree killers who do not behave in the same manner as serial offenders
ADVANTAGES
TOOLS
- Rigel
- CrimeStat
- Dragnet
- Gemini
- Predator
- Capable of analyzing a large amount of complex data
- It significantly maximizes resources, namely time and operating expense
- It can generate a sequence of events based on the available data and supporting collateral information
- Allowing the agency to rule in or out suspects based on their daily route patterns
- It can prioritize suspects
4) Producing maps
- Geographic profilers can help investigators produce maps related to a crime or a series of crimes.
- The maps are useful for:
- court
- briefings
- presentations
- reconstructing historical cases
3) Time, speed and distance calculations
- These calculations can help an investigator who needs to know how far an offender can travel in a given period of time or how much time an offender would require to travel a given distance.
- A geographic profiler can determine:
- time
- speed
- distance calculations
- for walking, jogging, riding a bicycle or driving a vehicle.
GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING
2) Identifying a catchment area
- A catchment area is the geographical area served by an institution, retail, or other facility.
- Using a mathematical process (a Thiessen polygon analysis), a geographical profiler can determine the catchment areas of a series of locations.
Eg : The process could identify the catchment areas of the grocery stores in a city. This service is useful for identifying the area of investigation in some cases.
THE SERVICES
1) Developing a geographic profile
- Provides the investigator with a geographic focus for the investigation.
- A series of maps identify the probable home and work locations of the offender.
- The maps also identify paths to use when searching for the offender.
- A geographic profile can also list multiple suspects in a priority order based on their residence or work locations.
SHARIFAH HASYIMAH
YULIA FAJRIN
WHAT IS GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILING?
- A technique that can help identify the likely area where a serial offender resides, or other place (e.g. work place) that serves as an anchor point or base of operations.