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TYPE OF CRIMES

AND

other multiple location crimes such as telephone harassment, and credit card theft.

GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING IN MALAYSIA

IN SYARI'AH?

  • Crime mapping system prototype been proposed by Royal Malaysian Police (RMP)
  • Map the crime incidents at the police district level administration in Kajang, Selangor
  • The system developed was tested using the actual data of crime reported from district of Kajang

SUCCESSFUL

UNSUCCESSFUL

  • Only to help the investigation
  • Need more evidence by using different kind of method rather than one method like physical evidence, DNA profiling, criminal profiling, eyewitnesses etc to support accusation
  • To avoid misunderstanding and bias
  • To prevent the authority to catch the wrong person
  • Zodiac Killer, operated in Northern California, open until now (1960s)
  • Operation Orb - M25 rapist from England (2000s)
  • Sniper Case in Washington D.C. (2002)
  • Operation Yeaddis - The killing of Amelie de la Grange and links to other murders / assaults (2000s)

DISADVANTAGES

  • It only considers the spatial behavior of serial offenders
  • It may not distinguish between multiple offenders operating in the same area and following similar modus operandi
  • Computer systems cannot analyze all the information involved in a crime series and only as good as the accuracy of their algorithms' underlying assumptions
  • It requires a series of crimes to be correctly linked to a single offender
  • Not work well with mentally ill offenders
  • It equally does not work well with spree killers who do not behave in the same manner as serial offenders

ADVANTAGES

TOOLS

  • Rigel
  • CrimeStat
  • Dragnet
  • Gemini
  • Predator
  • Capable of analyzing a large amount of complex data
  • It significantly maximizes resources, namely time and operating expense
  • It can generate a sequence of events based on the available data and supporting collateral information
  • Allowing the agency to rule in or out suspects based on their daily route patterns
  • It can prioritize suspects

4) Producing maps

  • Geographic profilers can help investigators produce maps related to a crime or a series of crimes.
  • The maps are useful for:
  • court
  • briefings
  • presentations
  • reconstructing historical cases

3) Time, speed and distance calculations

  • These calculations can help an investigator who needs to know how far an offender can travel in a given period of time or how much time an offender would require to travel a given distance.
  • A geographic profiler can determine:
  • time
  • speed
  • distance calculations
  • for walking, jogging, riding a bicycle or driving a vehicle.

GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING

2) Identifying a catchment area

  • A catchment area is the geographical area served by an institution, retail, or other facility.
  • Using a mathematical process (a Thiessen polygon analysis), a geographical profiler can determine the catchment areas of a series of locations.

Eg : The process could identify the catchment areas of the grocery stores in a city. This service is useful for identifying the area of investigation in some cases.

THE SERVICES

1) Developing a geographic profile

  • Provides the investigator with a geographic focus for the investigation.
  • A series of maps identify the probable home and work locations of the offender.
  • The maps also identify paths to use when searching for the offender.
  • A geographic profile can also list multiple suspects in a priority order based on their residence or work locations.

SHARIFAH HASYIMAH

YULIA FAJRIN

WHAT IS GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILING?

  • A technique that can help identify the likely area where a serial offender resides, or other place (e.g. work place) that serves as an anchor point or base of operations.
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