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James G. Blunt and Francis J. Herron were the officers of the union, while Thomas C. Hindman was the officer of the confederates.
As night fall came neither side had won and Hindman retreated to Van Buren which established control of northwest Arkansas leaving the union with a victory.
This war was fought on December 7th in 1862. Neither side planned on fighting here. Officer Thomas C. Hindman was trying to flank a large union force nearby Cane Hill and cut the unions reinforcement off. He could have succeeded in destroying part of thier wings but instead he stole a march and ran ahead to Herrons reinforcements. He then put his men at the ridge of Prairie Grove determined to fight it out.
Hindman assembled at Fort Smith to recapture lost territory, he wanted to strike Blunt from the south and attack at the east. As for the union, Samuel Curtis (former commander before he fell ill and the command passed to Blunt) established his lines at Helena, Arkansas and ordered his subordinate general to drive confederate forces out of southwestern Missouri and to invade northwestern Arkansas. But when Blunt took over, the two wings that were formed were dangerously apart.