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Using the process of hydrolosis, lysosomes break down macromolecules in the cell.

Cytoskeletan

Cilia

Cytoplasm

Chromoplast

Leucoplast

Both plant and animal cells have:

Peroxisome

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Nuclear Membrane

Nuclear Pores

Nucleolus

Nuclear Envelope

Golgi Complex

Smooth Endoplasmicreticulum

Rough Endoplasmicreticulum

Microtubule

DNA

All three cells have:

Cell membrane

Cytoskeletan

Ribosome

Cytoplasm

Plant and Prokaryotic cells have:

Cell Wall

Animal and Prokaryotic cells have nothing exclusively in common.

Plant vs. Animal vs. Prokaryote

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Analogy:

The nucleus is like the mayor of a city. It controls what happens within the cell as a mayor would in a city.

The Nucleus is the "brain of the cell. Everything that happens inside the cell is controlled by the nucleus.

Analogy: Chromatin is like a library or internet; anything one wants to know about the organism can be seen in the chromatin.

All of our chromatin are stored inside the nucleus. Chromatin is made up of DNA and RNA. It holds all the information needed for cell duplication and protein synthesis.

Chromatins are made up of condensed DNA. DNA is the building blocks of all animal cells.

Analogy: DNA is like blueprints. In order for the cell to duplicate and divide, the DNA must be consulted.

The nuclear envelope protects the nucleus from unwanted macromolecules entering the nucleus.

Analogy: It acts like the secret service. It protects the president (nucleus) from dangerous enzymes and fluids.

Nuc

The cell membrane regulates the entrance and exit of molecules into the cell.

Analogy: The cell membrane acts like border patrol. It allows who can leave and enter the country (cell).

Analogy: The smooth ER acts as a freeway for the cell. Molecules are transported from the ER to the golgi apparatus along this membrane.

The smooth ER has the same function as the rough ER, but there are no ribosomes.

Mitochondria

Nucleolus:

Contains proteins and nucleic acids

Site of transcription

Assembles ribosomes

Chloroplast convert sun light to energy for the plant cell through photosynthesis.

Analogy:

If ribosomes are factory workers, then the nucleolus is the factory manager. It controls the ribosomes.

Analogy: Chloroplasts are similar to solar energy plants in city. They convert the sunlight into energy.

Leucoplasts are non-pigmented organelles that store starch, lipids, and/or proteins.

Analogy: Leucoplasts are similar to refrigerators. They both store lipids, starch, and proteins.

Analogy: The rough ER is like a city street, it contains stores (ribosomes) that manufacture goods (proteins) which are transported along the street (membrane).

Analogy: Ribosomes are like factories. They take all the raw materials and assemble them.

Ribosomes are the center of protein synthesis. They take RNA and amino acids and put them together to create proteins which form globular proteins.

The rough ER is a transport system that contains ribosomes and is the source of protein.

Analogy: Lysosomes are like waste centers in a city. They break down the garbage (excess macromolecules) and keep it from building up in the city (cell).

Analogy: Vacuoles are like garbage dumps. Anything that we (the cells) do not use is put into the garbage dumps (vacuole).

Vacuoles hold anything that is in excess in the cell. Such as water and organic molecules.

Chromoplasts are directly responsible for the creation of pigments in photosynthesizing cells.

Analogy: Chromoplasts are similar to painters. Both chromoplasts and painters are in charge of the pigments that are presented to people.

Mitochondria produces energy that the cell uses for all of its functions.

Analogy: Mitochondria are like power plants in a city. In order for each electrical appliance to operate in the city, the power plant must be producing energy.

Centrioles serve as organizers in cell division. They pull the duplicated chromosomes apart.

Analogy: Centrioles are like magnets. They pull metal (the chromosomes) away from each other.

The golgi apparatus transports proteins and other macromolecules created by the ER and sends them to the rest of the cell.

Analogy: The golgi complex is a like a post office, because it sends macromolecules from one part of the cell to another.

The cytoskeltan is the frame work of the cell. It consists of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Analogy: Cytoskeletan is like the steel girders of a building. The steel girders are the microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules because they all provide support to the cell.

Vesicles transport macromolecules through the cell.

The cytoplasm is a semi-fluid substance that cushions and protects all the organelles from one another.

Analogy: Vesicles are like bus systems. They transport people (macromolecules) through the city (cell).

Analogy: The cytoplasm is like water in a fish tank. Where there is no fish (organelles) there is water (cytoplasm).

The cell wall keeps all macromolecules from entering or leaving the cell. The wall also keeps the cell from exploding in hypotonic solutions.

Analogy: The cell wall acts like a political boundary wall. Nothing goes in or out without permission.

Analogy:

Cilia is involved in the movement of a cell.

Analogy: Cilia is like the legs on a milipede. There are several legs (cilia) that move together to move the milipede.

Peroxisomes break down harmful hydrogen peroxide in the cell.

Analogy: Peroxisomes are like water treatment plants. They remove the harmful chemicals (hydrogen peroxide) from the water, making it safe for use.

The plant cell uses the flagellum to move forward.

Analogy: Endospores are similar to the brine shrimp eggs. Like brine shrimp eggs, endospores wait until there are favorable to germinate.

Analogy: The flagellum is similar to a tail on fish. It is used to control the forward movement.

Endospores are sack of DNA that do not germinate until favorable conditions occur.

Analogy: The capsule is similar to a candy wrapper.

The capsule regulates and control what macromolecules can enter the cell.

Analogy: Pili are similar to sex organs. They transfer DNA when connected to another pilus.

Pili are used for transfering DNA between two bacteria cells.

Prokayote Cell

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